Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from an integrated rainfed rice–fish farming system of Eastern India

Datta, Arindam; Nayak, Dali Rani; Sinhababu, D.P.; Adhya, T. K.

doi:10.1016/j.agee.2008.09.003

Cited by 113 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Rice-fish systems similar to the system described in this paper are now practiced in Egypt, India, Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, the Philippines, Bangladesh, Malaysia, and other countries (30,31). The rice-fish systems are important in these areas because they provide food security, reduce the impact of agriculture on the environment, and may be less affected than conventional systems by climate change (32,33). Rice-fish coculture on a large scale, however, will require the development of machinery for rice cultivation, field facilities that provide fish refuge, and new technology for high-yield fish culture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological mechanisms underlying the sustainability of the agricultural heritage rice–fish coculture system

Xie

Tang

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

314

218

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For centuries, traditional agricultural systems have contributed to food and livelihood security throughout the world. Recognizing the ecological legacy in the traditional agricultural systems may help us develop novel sustainable agriculture. We examine how rice-fish coculture (RF), which has been designated a "globally important agricultural heritage system," has been maintained for over 1,200 y in south China. A field survey demonstrated that although rice yield and rice-yield stability are similar in RF and rice monoculture (RM), RF requires 68% less pesticide and 24% less chemical fertilizer than RM. A field experiment confirmed this result. We documented that a mutually beneficial relationship between rice and fish develops in RF: Fish reduce rice pests and rice favors fish by moderating the water environment. This positive relationship between rice and fish reduces the need for pesticides in RF. Our results also indicate a complementary use of nitrogen (N) between rice and fish in RF, resulting in low N fertilizer application and low N release into the environment. These findings provide unique insights into how positive interactions and complementary use of resource between species generate emergent ecosystem properties and how modern agricultural systems might be improved by exploiting synergies between species. G lobal food security is becoming an acute problem because of the increasing world population (1), the limitation of agricultural resources (e.g., land and water) (2), and the effects of global climate change on crop production (3, 4). World agriculture currently faces great challenges in producing sufficient food while minimizing the negative environmental effects of crop cultivation.In the past 50 y, crop yields have substantially increased, mainly resulting from the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, the development of new crop varieties, and the improvement in cultivation methods. The heavy application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides for long periods, however, negatively affects the environment, induces pest resistance to pesticides, and increases agricultural costs (5, 6). As a consequence, modern agriculture now requires "rethinking" (1, 7), and such rethinking should include reconsideration of traditional agricultural systems (8-10).For many centuries, traditional agricultural systems have contributed to food and livelihood security throughout the world (8). Because traditional agricultural systems have been created, shaped, and maintained by generations of farmers who used management practices that were matched to local conditions, and because these systems are based on diverse species and species interactions, traditional agricultural systems reflect a successful adaptation to different environments and are rich in biological diversity (8,11,12). The recognition of the ecological legacy of these traditional agricultural systems and the integration of these unique experiences into our future farm designs could help us to develop more sustainable agriculture. In fact, stud...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological mechanisms underlying the sustainability of the agricultural heritage rice–fish coculture system

Xie

Tang

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

314

218

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“…Several cultivars are simultaneously cultivated in this region for dietary diversity or rice yields. Previous studies showed that CH 4 emissions are affected by rice cultivars (Datta et al 2009;Uprety et al 2011) and densities (Jia et al 2001) while both cultivars and densities are important factors for increasing rice production. Both hybrid rice cultivar Changyou 3 and conventional rice cultivar Nangeng 56 are predominant local rice varieties for rice yield and dietary diversity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Greenhouse gas emissions during the seedling stage of rice agriculture as affected by cultivar type and crop density

Wang

Zhou

et al. 2012

Biol Fertil Soils

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Methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions from a paddy nursery at the rice seedling stage were measured on a daily basis by using the conventional rice cultivar Nangeng 56 under both conventional (NG-C) and reduced (NG-R) sowing density, and the hybrid rice Changyou 3 under both conventional (CY-C) and reduced (CY-R) sowing density. High N 2 O and CH 4 emissions were observed during the first and last 2 weeks, respectively. Cumulative CH 4 emissions were significantly (P < 0.001) affected by sowing density rather than by the rice cultivar. Cumulative CH 4 emissions reached 68.2 kg C ha −1 in the CY-C treatment and 121.6 kg C ha −1 in the NG-C treatment, which were significantly (P<0.001) higher than the emissions at reduced sowing densities (15.9 kg C ha −1 in the CY-R treatment and 20.9 kg C ha −1 in the NG-R treatment). Under the conventional sowing density, cumulative CH 4 emissions during the seedling stage were comparable to data of ricegrowing season. Both the rice cultivar and the sowing density significantly (P<0.05-0.01) affected cumulative N 2 O emissions. Relative to the CY cultivar, the NG cultivar increased global warming potential (GWP) over a 100-year horizon by 62.1% and 70.7% under the reduced and conventional sowing densities, respectively. The GWP of N 2 O and CH 4 during the seedling stage was equivalent to the GWP of the entire ricegrowing season in this region, indicating that the seedling stage is an important greenhouse gas emission source of rice agriculture.

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“…Further, it increases soil fertility through improving availability of phosphorous and nitrogen and thus decreases external input of chemical fertilisers and consequently lowering the GHGs emission (Giap et al 2005;Dugan et al 2006;Ahmed and Garnett 2011). It is a sustainable practice not only for food production but also for climate change mitigation, natural resource management and biodiversity conservation (Frei and Becker 2005;Datta et al 2009;Jian et al 2011). Rice-fish culture system is a sustainable method for using land and water resources, generating employment, enhancing farmers' income, providing nutritional security and reducing the risks of rice crop damage by natural disasters (Mishra and Mohanty 2004).…”

Section: Integrated Crop-animal Farmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional agriculture: a climate-smart approach for sustainable food production

Singh

2017

Energ. Ecol. Environ.

227

118

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Sustainable food production is one of the major challenges of the twenty-first century in the era of global environmental problems such as climate change, increasing population and natural resource degradation including soil degradation and biodiversity loss. Climate change is among the greatest threats to agricultural systems. Green Revolution though multiplied agricultural production several folds but at the huge environmental cost including climate change. It jeopardized the ecological integrity of agroecosystems by intensive use of fossil fuels, natural resources, agrochemicals and machinery. Moreover, it threatened the age-old traditional agricultural practices. Agriculture is one of the largest sectors that sustain livelihood to maximum number of people and contribute to climate change. Therefore, a climate-smart approach to sustainable food production is the need of hour. Traditional agriculture is getting increased attention worldwide in context of sustainable food production in changing climate. The present article advocates traditional agriculture as a climate-smart approach for the sustainable food production and also deliberates the correlation between climate change and agriculture.

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Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from an integrated rainfed rice–fish farming system of Eastern India

Cited by 113 publications

References 30 publications

Ecological mechanisms underlying the sustainability of the agricultural heritage rice–fish coculture system

Ecological mechanisms underlying the sustainability of the agricultural heritage rice–fish coculture system

Greenhouse gas emissions during the seedling stage of rice agriculture as affected by cultivar type and crop density

Traditional agriculture: a climate-smart approach for sustainable food production

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