Methane–air detonation experiments at NIOSH Lake Lynn Laboratory

Zipf, R. Karl; Gamezo, Vadim N.; Sapko, Michael J.; Marchewka, W.; Mohamed, Khaled; Oran, E. S.; Kessler, David A.; Weiss, Eric S.; Addis, James D.; Karnack, F.; Sellers, D.D.

doi:10.1016/j.jlp.2011.05.003

Cited by 83 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Note that, in the six cases with smaller FLSFs, which have higher overpressure than theoretical minimum CJ-detonation pressure, detonation is triggered instead of deflagration. This result is in good agreement with the experimental results, where high length-to-diameter ratio is required by DDT [23]. …”

Section: Flsfssupporting

confidence: 91%

Scale Effect of Premixed Methane-Air Combustion in Confined Space Using LES Model

et al. 2015

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Gas explosion is the most hazardous incident occurring in underground airways. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques are sophisticated in simulating explosions in confined spaces; specifically, when testing large-scale gaseous explosions, such as methane explosions in underground mines. The dimensions of a confined space where explosions could occur vary significantly. Thus, the scale effect on explosion parameters is worth investigating. In this paper, the impact of scaling on explosion overpressures is investigated by employing two scaling factors: The Gas-fill Length Scaling Factor (FLSF) and the Hydraulic Diameter Scaling Factor (HDSF). The combinations of eight FLSFs and five HDSFs will cover a wide range of space dimensions where flammable gas could accumulate. Experiments were also conducted to evaluate the selected numerical models. The Large Eddy Simulation turbulence model was selected because it shows accuracy compared to the widely used Reynolds' averaged models for the scenarios investigated in the experiments. Three major conclusions can be drawn: (1) The overpressure increases with both FLSF and HDSF within the deflagration regime; (2) In an explosion duct with a length to diameter ratio greater than 54, detonation is more likely to be triggered for a stoichiometric methane/air mixture; (3) Overpressure increases as an increment hydraulic diameter of a geometry within deflagration regime. A relative error of 7% is found when predicting blast peak overpressure for the base case compared to the experiment; a good agreement for the wave arrival time is also achieved.

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Section: Flsfssupporting

confidence: 91%

Scale Effect of Premixed Methane-Air Combustion in Confined Space Using LES Model

et al. 2015

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“…Table 1. Target values of ideal one-dimensional detonation properties calculated using a complex methane-air reaction mechanism [38] and measured experimentally [4,39] and the corresponding single-step reaction model parameters that reproduce them. We choose E a so that in a stoichiometric mixture, E a /RT ZND = 5, where T ZND is the post-shock temperature computed using the one-dimensional Zeldovich, Von Neumann, Döring (ZND) model.…”

Section: Detonations In a Non-uniform Low-activation-energy Mixture (mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We choose target values for the half-reaction length of the ZND detonation, x d , inferred from experimental measurements of the detonation cell size l of methane-air mixtures [4,39] based on a correlation l/x d = 50 [40]. For each value of f, A was systematically varied until the values of x d computed from the one-dimensional ZND equations matched the target values given in table 1.…”

Section: Detonations In a Non-uniform Low-activation-energy Mixture (mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In more recent experiments, special soot-covered plates are purposely added to the system prior to detonation initiation in order to record detonation cells. An example of the cellular patterns generated by a stoichiometric methane-air detonation and recorded using this 'smoke foil' technique is shown in figure 2 [4]. Detailed experiments, starting at least in the 1970s, and numerical simulations, starting over 10 years later, revealed a great deal of information on how detonation cells form and how their size, shape and regularity depend on the thermodynamic properties of the gas mixture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gas-phase detonation propagation in mixture composition gradients

Kessler

Gamezo

Oran

2012

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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The propagation of detonations through several fuel-air mixtures with spatially varying fuel concentrations is examined numerically. The detonations propagate through twodimensional channels, inside of which the gradient of mixture composition is oriented normal to the direction of propagation. The simulations are performed using a twocomponent, single-step reaction model calibrated so that one-dimensional detonation properties of model low-and high-activation-energy mixtures are similar to those observed in a typical hydrocarbon-air mixture. In the low-activation-energy mixture, the reaction zone structure is complex, consisting of curved fuel-lean and fuel-rich detonations near the line of stoichiometry that transition to decoupled shocks and turbulent deflagrations near the channel walls where the mixture is extremely fuellean or fuel-rich. Reactants that are not consumed by the leading detonation combine downstream and burn in a diffusion flame. Detonation cells produced by the unstable reaction front vary in size across the channel, growing larger away from the line of stoichiometry. As the size of the channel decreases relative to the size of a detonation cell, the effect of the mixture composition gradient is lessened and cells of similar sizes form. In the high-activation-energy mixture, detonations propagate more slowly as the magnitude of the mixture composition gradient is increased and can be quenched in a large enough gradient.

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“…After the Sago Mine explosion, the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted a series of explosion tests in its Lake Lynn experimental mine (Zipf et al 2013). In the explosion tests, natural gas was injected into an ignition zone (most time with a volume of 21.5 m 3 and a few with larger volume).…”

Section: Niosh Explosion Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of rock dusting in preventing and reducing intensity of coal mine explosions

Wang

Cheng

2017

Int J Coal Sci Technol

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As an explosion control measure, rock dusting has been used in underground coal mines in many major coal producing countries with different standards. The effectiveness of the rock dust in reducing explosion intensity has been proven by historic events and laboratory experiments. The main functions of rock dust in controlling mine explosions (i.e., isolator, physical heat sink and chemical energy absorber) have been quantitatively studied and results are presented in this paper.

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Methane–air detonation experiments at NIOSH Lake Lynn Laboratory

Cited by 83 publications

References 11 publications

Scale Effect of Premixed Methane-Air Combustion in Confined Space Using LES Model

Scale Effect of Premixed Methane-Air Combustion in Confined Space Using LES Model

Gas-phase detonation propagation in mixture composition gradients

Effects of rock dusting in preventing and reducing intensity of coal mine explosions

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