Methamphetamine withdrawal and the restoration of cognitive functions – a study over a course of 6 months abstinence

Proebstl, Lisa; Krause, Daniela; Kamp, Felicia; Hager, Laura; Manz, Kirsi; Schacht-Jablonowsky, Maik; Straif, Maximilian; Riebschläger, Marlies; Neumann, Stefanie; Anne, Schreiber; Soyka, Michael; Koller, Gabi

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112599

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Although our analysis results showed tiny changes in MoCA scores, MoCA is sensitive to subtle changes in cognitive performance but only reflects the global cognitive status as a screening test 41 . This may have led to inaccuracies in the testing of impairment in different cognitive domains over time 42 . Our analysis results showed subtle changes in MoCA score and did not lead to statistically significant findings for 12, 18, and 24 months outcomes, it is likely that there was much variability.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

“…41 This may have led to inaccuracies in the testing of impairment in different cognitive domains over time. 42 Our analysis results showed subtle changes in MoCA score and did not lead to statistically significant findings for 12, 18, and 24 months outcomes, it is likely that there was much variability. Our findings showed that low baseline cognition with more cognitive recovery may be a confound of our study.…”

Section: Sensitivity Analysismentioning

confidence: 54%

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Cognitive improvement among abstinent methamphetamine users: A 2‐year prospective longitudinal study

et al. 2021

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Background and ObjectivesThe adverse impact of chronic methamphetamine (MA) use on cognitive function has been described in previous studies, but limited evidence is available for abstinent users from prospective longitudinal studies. The aim of the present study was to assess cognitive function of varying abstinent duration.MethodsThis prospective longitudinal study was conducted with baseline and four follow‐up interviews every 6 months over 2 years in 358 MA users in Guangdong province, China. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to measure cognitive function. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) analysis was used to examine within‐subjects relationships between abstinence and cognitive consequences over time.ResultsThe repeated measure analysis of variance showed significant differences in the total MoCA score and all subscale scores (except Orientation) in the 24 months follow‐up. The GEE model showed that abstinence from MA in the past 6 months predicted an increase of 0.66 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.29 to 1.05, p = .002) in MoCA score changes compared with the nonabstinence MA users. Abstinence in the past 12, 18, and 24 months predicted an increase in MoCA total score changes of 1.25 (95% CI = −0.23 to 2.74), 2.15 (95% CI = −0.79 to 5.09), and 5.28 (95% CI = −2.01 to 12.58), respectively, but none of these was statistically significant.Discussion and ConclusionsCognitive function was potentially improved following 6 months of MA abstinence.Scientific SignificanceThis study extends prior research by long‐term follow‐up in big sample MA abstinence users. Findings from study support the need for a comprehensive measure to decrease MA use and promote the recovery of cognitive impairment.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Section: Sensitivity Analysismentioning

confidence: 54%

Cognitive improvement among abstinent methamphetamine users: A 2‐year prospective longitudinal study

et al. 2021

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“…This period is characterised by somnolence, increased appetite and a cluster of depression, anxiety and craving related symptoms [13]. Cognitive improvement may take longer but usually improves within 6 months with continued abstinence [85]. In the IDEAL study, MA-exposed infants exhibited poorer quality of movement, more total signs of stress abstinence, physiological stress and CNS stress when examined with the NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale [86,87].…”

Section: Neonatal Intoxicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal methamphetamine—impact on the mother and child—a review

et al. 2021

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Methamphetamine (MA) is the second most commonly used illicit drug in the world, after cannabis. There are limited data on the outcomes of pregnant MA users but there is rapidly emerging evidence to suggest that they are more vulnerable, marginalized and impoverished compared with other drug‐using mothers. MA use during pregnancy is associated with worse pregnancy outcomes and significantly higher rates of co‐existing health and psychosocial problems. Newborn infants exposed to MA are at increased risk of perinatal complications, present differently at birth to infants exposed to other drugs of dependency such as opioids and have poorer neurological adaptation and feeding difficulties. Sparse literature from neuroimaging and cohort studies suggests that the neurocognitive deficits in MA exposed children persist, even into adulthood. Current clinical practice guidelines for the care of substance exposed pregnant women are opioid‐centric with little attention paid to the consequences of prenatal MA exposure.

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“…The remarkable effects produced by METH in the present experimental conditions at the level of the VTA deserve specific attention since this may implicate a potential deleterious effect of METH on cognition and mood. It is well-known that chronic METH abusers suffer of cognitive impairment, which persists after years of METH withdrawal [89][90][91][92][93][94][95]. The VTA has been recently posed as a key point in the genesis of dementia [1,96,97].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Autophagy In Vivo Extends Methamphetamine Toxicity to Mesencephalic Cell Bodies

et al. 2021

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Methamphetamine (METH) is a widely abused psychostimulant and a stress-inducing compound, which leads to neurotoxicity for nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) terminals in rodents and primates including humans. In vitro studies indicate that autophagy is a strong modulator of METH toxicity. In detail, suppressing autophagy increases METH toxicity, while stimulating autophagy prevents METH-induced toxicity in cell cultures. In the present study, the role of autophagy was investigated in vivo. In the whole brain, METH alone destroys meso-striatal DA axon terminals, while fairly sparing DA cell bodies within substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). No damage to either cell bodies or axons from ventral tegmental area (VTA) is currently documented. According to the hypothesis that ongoing autophagy prevents METH-induced DA toxicity, we tested whether systemic injection of autophagy inhibitors such as asparagine (ASN, 1000 mg/Kg) or glutamine (GLN, 1000 mg/Kg), may extend METH toxicity to DA cell bodies, both within SNpc and VTA, where autophagy was found to be inhibited. When METH (5 mg/Kg × 4, 2 h apart) was administered to C57Bl/6 mice following ASN or GLN, a frank loss of cell bodies takes place within SNpc and a loss of both axons and cell bodies of VTA neurons is documented. These data indicate that, ongoing autophagy protects DA neurons and determines the refractoriness of cell bodies to METH-induced toxicity.

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Methamphetamine withdrawal and the restoration of cognitive functions – a study over a course of 6 months abstinence

Cited by 24 publications

References 22 publications

Cognitive improvement among abstinent methamphetamine users: A 2‐year prospective longitudinal study

Cognitive improvement among abstinent methamphetamine users: A 2‐year prospective longitudinal study

Prenatal methamphetamine—impact on the mother and child—a review

Inhibition of Autophagy In Vivo Extends Methamphetamine Toxicity to Mesencephalic Cell Bodies

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