Methacrylate-Based Copolymers for Polymer Optical Fibers

Zaremba, Daniel; Evert, Robert; Neumann, Laurie; Caspary, Reinhard; Kowalsky, Wolfgang; Menzel, Henning; Johannes, Hans‐Hermann

doi:10.3390/polym9020034

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…Two different types of solid polymer samples were prepared according to a procedure similar to that described by Zaremba et al . using a three‐step temperature program for the polymerization . IBMA used as the liquid monomer was provided by Evonik Performance Materials GmbH (Darmstadt, Germany), and ST and MMA were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co. Ltd (Tokyo, Japan).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of thermography for thermoplastic waveguide fabrication

Evert

Zaremba

Jakobs

et al. 2018

Polymer International

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The production of short polymer optical fibers from small material batches is valuable for materials research, especially in the investigation of copolymers. A two-step fiber drawing process is usually used for this purpose. The drawing temperature of the individual materials is an important parameter in the process. Temperature measurements using contactless methods are preferred because they enable online monitoring and do not affect the drawing process. Such measurements can be carried out with a pyrometer, which allows the measurement of a wide range of temperatures but requires a precise adjustment of the spot to the core of the preform. To circumvent this limitation, a thermographic camera with a resolution of 134 m per pixel in the heating zone is used. The measurement range 0-250 ∘ C is suitable for the usual drawing conditions. The device is installed outside the resistive heating furnace. The absolute temperature is obtained by calibrating the sensor to the beam path and the material emission properties. Different materials, shapes and thicknesses lead to variations in these parameters. In this work, an analysis of the temperature calibration for poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(styrene) and the copolymers poly[styrene-co-(isobornyl methacrylate)] and poly[(methyl methacrylate)-co-(isobornyl methacrylate)] is presented. These are all thermoplastic polymers and may be used for the fabrication of polymer optical fibers.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of thermography for thermoplastic waveguide fabrication

Evert

Zaremba

Jakobs

et al. 2018

Polymer International

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“…Substitution of Equations (32) and (9) to Equation (31) results the very well-known Ozawa-Flynn-Wall (OFW) [57][58][59] equations: OFW : ln β = ln 0.0048AEa g(a)R − 1.0516 Ea RT (33) This methodology belongs to the isoconversional approaches and is a "model free" method, taking into account that the conversion function f(α) is not affected by the change of the heating rate, β, for all values of α. Therefore, plotting lnβ versus 1/T should provide straight lines with slope directly proportional to the activation energy.…”

Section: Thermal Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When copolymerized it can improve the thermal stability of resulting product and can lead to its use as a heat resistive material [ 30 , 31 , 32 ]. Another important application of the IBMA products is in fiber optics, as the polymer presents high optical transparency [ 33 , 34 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical Copolymers of N-Vinylpyrrolidone and Isobornyl Methacrylate via Free Radical and RAFT Polymerization: Monomer Reactivity Ratios, Thermal Properties, and Kinetics of Thermal Decomposition

et al. 2021

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The synthesis of statistical copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) with isobornyl methacrylate (IBMA) was conducted by free radical and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The reactivity ratios were estimated using the Finemann-Ross, inverted Fineman-Ross, Kelen-Tüdos, extended Kelen-Tüdos and Barson-Fenn graphical methods, along with the computer program COPOINT, modified to both the terminal and the penultimate models. According to COPOINT the reactivity ratios were found to be equal to 0.292 for NVP and 2.673 for IBMA for conventional radical polymerization, whereas for RAFT polymerization and for the penultimate model the following reactivity ratios were obtained: r11 = 4.466, r22 = 0, r21 = 14.830, and r12 = 0 (1 stands for NVP and 2 for IBMA). In all cases, the NVP reactivity ratio was significantly lower than that of IBMA. Structural parameters of the copolymers were obtained by calculating the dyad sequence fractions and the mean sequence length. The thermal properties of the copolymers were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential thermogravimetry (DTG). The results were compared with those of the respective homopolymers.

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“…Furthermore, NCs are likely to agglomerate and precipitate in PMMA. Co-polymers consisting of mixed methyl methacrylate (MMA) and cyclohexyl methacrylate (CHMA) enable highly transparent polymers [ 12 ] and provide no agglomeration. Therefore poly(CHMA-co-MMA) (PMMA/PCHMA) was chosen as the host material for the fibers.…”

Section: Manufacturing Of Upconversion Nanocrystal-doped Pofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upconversion Nanocrystal Doped Polymer Fiber Thermometer

Thiem

Spelthann

Neumann

et al. 2020

Sensors

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In recent years, lanthanide-doped nanothermometers have been mainly used in thin films or dispersed in organic solvents. However, both approaches have disadvantages such as the short interaction lengths of the active material with the pump beam or complicated handling, which can directly affect the achievable temperature resolution. We investigated the usability of a polymer fiber doped with upconversion nanocrystals as a thermometer. The fiber was excited with a wavelength stabilized diode laser at a wavelength of 976 nm. Emission spectra were recorded in a temperature range from 10 to 35 ∘C and the thermal emission changes were measured. Additionally, the pump power was varied to study the effect of self-induced heating on the thermometer specifications. Our fiber sensor shows a maximal thermal sensitivity of 1.45%/K and the minimal thermal resolution is below 20 mK. These results demonstrate that polymer fibers doped with nanocrystals constitute an attractive alternative to conventional fluorescence thermometers, as they add a long pump interaction length while also being insensitive to strong electrical fields or inert to bio-chemical environments.

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Methacrylate-Based Copolymers for Polymer Optical Fibers

Cited by 14 publications

References 34 publications

Application of thermography for thermoplastic waveguide fabrication

Application of thermography for thermoplastic waveguide fabrication

Statistical Copolymers of N-Vinylpyrrolidone and Isobornyl Methacrylate via Free Radical and RAFT Polymerization: Monomer Reactivity Ratios, Thermal Properties, and Kinetics of Thermal Decomposition

Upconversion Nanocrystal Doped Polymer Fiber Thermometer

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