Metformin extended-release versus metformin immediate-release for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Abrilla, Aedrian A.; Pajes, A. Nico Nahar I.; Jimeno, Cecilia

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-137066/v3

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 18 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…Metformin had previously been reported to radiosensitize tumors, though studies had mixed results (171), but these new data suggest that the drug may also protect normal tissue and may be of interest as a MCM. While these data are promising, it is also important to note that diarrhea and other GI side effects are very common with metformin (172) and may exacerbate GI-ARS if used as a MCM. Proper timing of administration may be an important variable.…”

Section: Populations With Comorbidities or Lifestyle Risksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Considerations of Medical Preparedness to Assess and Treat Various Populations During a Radiation Public Health Emergency

et al. 2023

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During a radiological or nuclear public health emergency, given the heterogeneity of civilian populations, it is incumbent on medical response planners to understand and prepare for a potentially high degree of inter-individual variability in the biological effects of radiation exposure. A part of advanced planning should include a comprehensive approach, in which the range of possible human responses in relation to the type of radiation expected from an incident has been thoughtfully considered. Although there are several reports addressing the radiation response for special populations (as compared to the standard 18–45-year-old male), the current review surveys published literature to assess the level of consideration given to differences in acute radiation responses in certain sub-groups. The authors attempt to bring clarity to the complex nature of human biology in the context of radiation to facilitate a path forward for radiation medical countermeasure (MCM) development that may be appropriate and effective in special populations. Consequently, the focus is on the medical (as opposed to logistical) aspects of preparedness and response. Populations identified for consideration include obstetric, pediatric, geriatric, males, females, individuals of different race/ethnicity, and people with comorbidities. Relevant animal models, biomarkers of radiation injury, and MCMs are highlighted, in addition to underscoring gaps in knowledge and the need for consistent and early inclusion of these populations in research. The inclusion of special populations in preclinical and clinical studies is essential to address shortcomings and is an important consideration for radiation public health emergency response planning. Pursuing this goal will benefit the population at large by considering those at greatest risk of health consequences after a radiological or nuclear mass casualty incident.

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Section: Populations With Comorbidities or Lifestyle Risksmentioning

confidence: 99%