Metformin and/or vildagliptin mitigate type II diabetes mellitus induced-oxidative stress: The intriguing effect

Al-Kuraishy, Hayder M; Sami, Oula Mohamed; Hussain, Nawar R.; Al-Gareeb, Ali I

doi:10.4103/japtr.japtr_18_20

Cited by 42 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Furthermore, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors combined with metformin therapy improved glucose level with a significantly greater reduction in GV and hypoglycemia [ 116 – 118 ]. Subsequently, a current study concluded that metformin plus vildagliptin therapy was more effective than metformin monotherapy by attenuating oxidative stress index [ 119 ]. Consistent results were obtained when combined sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors with insulin therapy [ 120 , 121 ].…”

Section: Mechanism‐based Therapeutic Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, previous studies suggested that exercise training, including resistance exercise and aerobic exercise, reduced GV and oxidative stress levels in patients with T2DM [106,107]. Analogously, a recent study disclosed that two weeks of both high-intensity Aerobic and eccentric exercise 16 healthy subjects Reduced inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers [109] Low carbohydrate diet 10 patients with T1DM Resulted in more time in euglycemia, less time in hypoglycemia [110] Pharmacological strategies Once-weekly trelagliptin and once-daily alogliptin 27 patients with T2DM Improved glycemic control and reduced GV without inducing hypoglycemia [114] GLP-1 RA with basal insulin 160 patients with T2DM Lowered hypoglycemia and might contribute to the cardiovascular outcome reduction [115] DPP4 inhibitors combined with metformin 69 patients with T2DM Reduced GV and hypoglycemia [116] DPP4 inhibitors combined with metformin 34 patients with T2DM Reduced GV and hypoglycemia [118] Metformin plus vildagliptin 44 patients withT2DM Attenuated oxidative stress index [119] Empagliflozin as adjunct to insulin 75 patients with T1DM Decreased glucose exposure and variability and increased time in glucose target range.…”

Section: Non-pharmacological Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Comprehensive elaboration of glycemic variability in diabetic macrovascular and microvascular complications

Sun

Luo

Zhou

2021

Cardiovasc Diabetol

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Diabetes mellitus is the major risk factor for the development of macrovascular and microvascular complications. It is increasingly recognized that glycemic variability (GV), referring to oscillations in blood glucose levels and representing either short-term or long-term GV, is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications and has emerged as a possible independent risk factor for them. In this review, we summarize the metrics and measurement of GV in clinical practice, as well as comprehensively elaborate the role and related mechanisms of GV in diabetic macrovascular and microvascular complications, aiming to provide the mechanism-based therapeutic strategies for clinicians to manage diabetes mellitus.

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Section: Mechanism‐based Therapeutic Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Non-pharmacological Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive elaboration of glycemic variability in diabetic macrovascular and microvascular complications

Sun

Luo

Zhou

2021

Cardiovasc Diabetol

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“…Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) is a transmembrane glycoprotein type II expressed in different tissues and immune cells and plays an important role in the metabolism of glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1). DPP4 expression is higher in the visceral adipose tissue and involved in visceral inflammation and IR progression through enzymatic cleavage of cytokines and chemokines ( 81 ).…”

Section: Diabetic Pharmacotherapy and Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 in Relation to Hyperglycemia and Diabetes Mellitus

Al-Kuraishy¹,

Al-Gareeb²,

Alblihed

et al. 2021

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), triggered by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), may lead to extrapulmonary manifestations like diabetes mellitus (DM) and hyperglycemia, both predicting a poor prognosis and an increased risk of death. SARS-CoV-2 infects the pancreas through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), where it is highly expressed compared to other organs, leading to pancreatic damage with subsequent impairment of insulin secretion and development of hyperglycemia even in non-DM patients. Thus, this review aims to provide an overview of the potential link between COVID-19 and hyperglycemia as a risk factor for DM development in relation to DM pharmacotherapy. For that, a systematic search was done in the database of MEDLINE through Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Biology Medicine (CBM), and Wanfang Data. Data obtained underline that SARS-CoV-2 infection in DM patients is more severe and associated with poor clinical outcomes due to preexistence of comorbidities and inflammation disorders. SARS-CoV-2 infection impairs glucose homeostasis and metabolism in DM and non-DM patients due to cytokine storm (CS) development, downregulation of ACE2, and direct injury of pancreatic β-cells. Therefore, the potent anti-inflammatory effect of diabetic pharmacotherapies such as metformin, pioglitazone, sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2Is), and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors may mitigate COVID-19 severity. In addition, some antidiabetic agents and also insulin may reduce SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and severity through the modulation of the ACE2 receptor expression. The findings presented here illustrate that insulin therapy might seem as more appropriate than other anti-DM pharmacotherapies in the management of COVID-19 patients with DM due to low risk of uncontrolled hyperglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). From these findings, we could not give the final conclusion about the efficacy of diabetic pharmacotherapy in COVID-19; thus, clinical trial and prospective studies are warranted to confirm this finding and concern.

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“…Metformin is a biguanide anti-diabetic agent used as a first-line drug in T2DM management, with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties ( 10 ). As its main actions, metformin increases ACE2 expression, thereby reducing the deleterious effect of high AngII in patients with cardiometabolic disorders and in the experimental model of ALI ( 11 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and Risk of Acute Ischemic Stroke and Acute Lung Injury in Patients With Type II Diabetes Mellitus: The Anti-inflammatory Role of Metformin

et al. 2021

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Background: Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is regarded as an independent risk factor for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to the induction of endothelial dysfunction, coagulopathy, cytokine storm, and plaque instability.Method: In this retrospective cohort study, a total of 42 COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who presented with AIS within 1 week of displaying COVID-19 symptoms were recruited. According to the current anti-DM pharmacotherapy, patients were divided into two groups: a Metformin group of T2DM patients with COVID-19 and AIS on metformin therapy (850 mg, 3 times daily (n = 22), and a Non-metformin group of T2DM patients with COVID-19 and AIS under another anti-DM pharmacotherapy like glibenclamide and pioglitazone (n = 20). Anthropometric, biochemical, and radiological data were evaluated.Results: Ferritin serum level was lower in metformin-treated patients compared to non-metformin treated patients (365.93 ± 17.41 vs. 475.92 ± 22.78 ng/mL, p = 0.0001). CRP, LDH, and D-dimer serum levels were also lowered in metformin-treated patients compared to non-metformin treated patients (p = 0.0001). In addition, lung CT scan scores of COVID-19 patients was 30.62 ± 10.64 for metformin and 36.31 ± 5.03 for non-metformin treated patients.Conclusion: Metformin therapy in T2DM patients was linked to a lower risk of AIS during COVID-19. Further studies are needed to observe the link between AIS in COVID-19 diabetic patients and metformin therapy.

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Metformin and/or vildagliptin mitigate type II diabetes mellitus induced-oxidative stress: The intriguing effect

Cited by 42 publications

References 19 publications

Comprehensive elaboration of glycemic variability in diabetic macrovascular and microvascular complications

Comprehensive elaboration of glycemic variability in diabetic macrovascular and microvascular complications

COVID-19 in Relation to Hyperglycemia and Diabetes Mellitus

COVID-19 and Risk of Acute Ischemic Stroke and Acute Lung Injury in Patients With Type II Diabetes Mellitus: The Anti-inflammatory Role of Metformin

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