Meter-Long Spiral Carbon Nanotube Fibers Show Ultrauniformity and Flexibility

Shang, Yuanyuan; Chun-Fei, Hua; Xu, Wenjing; Hu, Xiaoyang; Wang, Ying; Zhou, Yiyang; Zhang, Yingjiu; Li, Xinjian; Cao, Anyuan

doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04773

Cited by 54 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Modern manufacturing has a pressing need for lightweight yet strong structural materials in transportation, civil engineering, construction, automotive applications, and aerospace. To meet these needs, scientists and engineers have developed a range of remarkable materials with excellent mechanical properties, such as those based on petroleum products (e.g., carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, and graphene), ceramics, as well as metals and alloys . However, most synthetic strong materials require complex and high‐cost manufacturing processes (e.g., carbon fibers), generate adverse environmental impacts (e.g., steels, alloys), or are too heavy for many applications.…”

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A Strong, Tough, and Scalable Structural Material from Fast‐Growing Bamboo

et al. 2020

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Lightweight structural materials with high strength are desirable for advanced applications in transportation, construction, automotive, and aerospace. Bamboo is one of the fastest growing plants with a peak growth rate up to 100 cm per day. Here, a simple and effective top‐down approach is designed for processing natural bamboo into a lightweight yet strong bulk structural material with a record high tensile strength of ≈1 GPa and toughness of 9.74 MJ m−3. More specifically, bamboo is densified by the partial removal of its lignin and hemicellulose, followed by hot‐pressing. Long, aligned cellulose nanofibrils with dramatically increased hydrogen bonds and largely reduced structural defects in the densified bamboo structure contribute to its high mechanical tensile strength, flexural strength, and toughness. The low density of lignocellulose in the densified bamboo leads to a specific strength of 777 MPa cm3 g−1, which is significantly greater than other reported bamboo materials and most structural materials (e.g., natural polymers, plastics, steels, and alloys). This work demonstrates a potential large‐scale production of lightweight, strong bulk structural materials from abundant, fast‐growing, and sustainable bamboo.

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A Strong, Tough, and Scalable Structural Material from Fast‐Growing Bamboo

et al. 2020

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“…4f) [97]. Besides, CNT fibers directly drawn from a CVD system were twisted into a uniform spiral configuration, which could be served as flexible temperature sensors [188].…”

Section: Fabrication Of Graphene Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced carbon materials for flexible and wearable sensors

et al. 2017

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Flexible and wearable sensors have drawn extensive concern due to their wide potential applications in wearable electronics and intelligent robots. Flexible sensors with high sensitivity, good flexibility, and excellent stability are highly desirable for monitoring human biomedical signals, movements and the environment. The active materials and the device structures are the keys to achieve high performance. Carbon nanomaterials, including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, carbon black and carbon nanofibers, are one of the most commonly used active materials for the fabrication of high-performance flexible sensors due to their superior properties. Especially, CNTs and graphene can be assembled into various multi-scaled macroscopic structures, including one dimensional fibers, two dimensional films and three dimensional architectures, endowing the facile design of flexible sensors for wide practical applications. In addition, the hybrid structured carbon materials derived from natural bio-materials also showed a bright prospect for applications in flexible sensors. This review provides a comprehensive presentation of flexible and wearable sensors based on the above various carbon materials. Following a brief introduction of flexible sensors and carbon materials, the fundamentals of typical flexible sensors, such as strain sensors, pressure sensors, temperature sensors and humidity sensors, are presented. Then, the latest progress of flexible sensors based on carbon materials, including the fabrication processes, performance and applications, are summarized. Finally, the remaining major challenges of carbon-based flexible electronics are discussed and the future research directions are proposed. [56,57], have been used as the active components for the fabrication of flexible sensors. Among these materials, metal NPs can be used to fabricate flexible sensors with high sensitivity, but the sensing range and stretchability of these sensors are limited [58]. Besides, due to the limited chemical stability and reproducibility of metal nanowires, it is challenging to fabricate stable sensors using metal nanowires [10]. Similarly, conductive polymers with poor stability and conductivity are also difficult to be used for the fabrication of high-performance sensors [59]. In contrast, carbon materials are one of the most commonly investigated materials, especially CNTs and graphene (including graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO)), due to their remarkable mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. To implement macroscopic applications, CNTs and graphene with superior properties in microscopic level should be converted into macroscopic functional assemblies, such as one dimensional (1D) fibers or yarns [60,61], two dimensional (2D) films or sheets [62,63], three dimensional (3D) architectures [64][65][66] (Fig. 1). The multi-scaled macroscopic carbon nanomaterials endow the flexible sensors with high sensitivity, excellent flexibility and good stability as well as desired configurations. Also, lo...

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“…Under uniaxial tensile, the GF first experiences an elastic deformation at a strain below 8%, which is ascribed to the intrinsic elasticity of twisted helices within low deformation range. [20][21][22][23][24] Previous reports have shown advantages of carbon-based heaters, including graphene [25][26][27][28][29][30] and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [31][32][33][34][35] film heaters, as well as graphene aerogel heaters. The record fracture strain of GF is almost seven times higher than the maximum value among reported GFs.…”

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“…[12][13][14] Another electrothermal material, indium tin oxide, is brittle, severely impeding its wearable applications. [20][21][22][23][24] Previous reports have shown advantages of carbon-based heaters, including graphene [25][26][27][28][29][30] and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [31][32][33][34][35] film heaters, as well as graphene aerogel heaters. [20][21][22][23][24] Previous reports have shown advantages of carbon-based heaters, including graphene [25][26][27][28][29][30] and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [31][32][33][34][35] film heaters, as well as graphene aerogel heaters.…”

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confidence: 99%

Highly Stretchable Graphene Fibers with Ultrafast Electrothermal Response for Low‐Voltage Wearable Heaters

Wang

Zhuang

et al. 2016

Adv Elect Materials

137

110

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button cell batteries or dry batteries are sufficient to drive the fabrics heating to an approximate temperature for human body within 2 s. In addition, the electrothermal fabrics exhibit a fast drying and deicing ability for practical applications in extreme environmental conditions. The electrothermal stability of fabrics under human motions like bending and twisting is also demonstrated. Figure 1a schematically shows the fabrication procedure of GF. Golden graphene oxide (GO) film was prepared by barcoating of GO solutions, and then reduced by hydroiodic acid solution. The reduced graphene oxide (RGO) film was then thermally annealed at 3000 °C and mechanically compacted, giving rise to graphene film with shiny silver gray metallic luster ( Figure 1b). The graphene film was further cut into given size of ribbons with smooth edge by a fine roller blade and twisted into GFs by an electric motor. The diameter of prepared GFs can be controlled from 100 µm to 2 mm by tuning the thickness of thermally annealed graphene films from 5 µm to 30 µm. Optical image of GF wound on a tweezer is shown in Figure 1c, and the GF displays a spiral shape after release ( Figure 1d). The microstructure of GFs is further characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). As shown in Figure 1e-g, the GF exhibits regular helical structure with a uniform diameter of 150 µm, which is similar to carbon nanotube fibers prepared by twisting aligned carbon nanotube forests. [40,41] The GFs with unique helical structures display an attractive flexibility, which is a vital requirement for wearable devices. The highly flexible GFs are successfully tied into diverse knots, such as the cross knot (Figure 1h), the carrick bend knot ( Figure 1i) and the flat knot ( Figure 1j). Moreover, GFs are easily stitched into crossstitches with various patterns, such as the embroidery in ZJU style (Figure 1k). No evident fracture is observed during knotting and embroidering, indicating the superb flexibility of GFs.The typical stress-strain curve of GFs is given in Figure 2a. Under uniaxial tensile, the GF first experiences an elastic deformation at a strain below 8%, which is ascribed to the intrinsic elasticity of twisted helices within low deformation range. Upon further stretching, the twisted helices deformed, leading to a large plastic deformation up to 70% before fracture. The record fracture strain of GF is almost seven times higher than the maximum value among reported GFs. [38] Moreover, the GF exhibits a progressive failure from the tensile strain 70% to 220% with fracture toughness of 22.45 MJ m −3 . Figure S1 (Supporting Information) shows the SEM images focused on the fracture surface of a broken GF, revealing a ductile fracture feature. The helix adjacent to the fracture area is slightly unraveled while graphene sheets are dragged out.We believe that the outstanding stretchability of GFs is mainly attributed to their hierarchical structures. The particular Smart wearable clothing [1][2][3] is coming into people's horizon on the basis of rapid...

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Meter-Long Spiral Carbon Nanotube Fibers Show Ultrauniformity and Flexibility

Cited by 54 publications

References 27 publications

A Strong, Tough, and Scalable Structural Material from Fast‐Growing Bamboo

A Strong, Tough, and Scalable Structural Material from Fast‐Growing Bamboo

Advanced carbon materials for flexible and wearable sensors

Highly Stretchable Graphene Fibers with Ultrafast Electrothermal Response for Low‐Voltage Wearable Heaters

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