Meteorology in the Bathroom

Dixon, F.E.

doi:10.1002/j.1477-8696.1951.tb01366.x

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…This he ascribed to a drop in the pH. It seems likely that this was the case here and as the ATP-ADP system is known to become a very low-energy system at a pH below 6-8 [Dixon, 1951], it may thus be involved in the inhibitory effect of the lowered pH.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

The Effects of Neurohypophysial Extracts on Water Transfer Across the Wall of the Isolated Urinary Bladder of the Toad Bufo Marinus

Bentley¹

1958

Journal of Endocrinology

396

148

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1. An in vitro preparation of the urinary bladder of Bufo marinus is described. 2. Small doses of 'Pituitrin' markedly increase the rate of water transfer across the bladder wall when the solutions inside the bladder are hypotonic.3. Passive movement is small and increases slightly with increases in the osmotic gradient across the bladder wall. It is unaffected by changes in substrate levels or any of the metabolic inhibitors tested except for cyanide which increases it in some cases.4. The vasopressor neurohypophysial fraction is more active than the oxytocic one in increasing water transfer across the bladder wall.5. The increase in water transfer depends on an intact oxygen supply and sufficient glucose or pyruvate.6. Iodoacetate, malonate, cyanide, 2-4-dinitrophenol, and bubbling 5% CO2+95% O2 through Ringer's solution inhibit the water transfer in response to neurohypophysial extract. 7. Diamox is only an effective inhibitor at very high concentrations. 8. The possible mechanism of the water transfer is discussed.The reabsorption of water stored in the urinary bladder of Bufo regularis when injected with neurohypophysial extract has been shown by Ewer [1952]. The possi¬ bility that the water may have been absorbed after régurgitation into the cloaca was eliminated by Sawyer & Schisgall [1956], who concluded that the water was in fact transferred across the bladder wall.Preparations of frog and toad skin in vitro have been used for the study of the movements of water and salt across biological membranes [see Sawyer, 1956]. From Ewer's observations it seemed likely that the isolated urinary bladder of the toad could be used for similar studies. Moreover, the simpler histological structure, in particular the absence of the numerous secretory glands present in the frog and toad skin, might clarify interpretation of results. The experiments reported in this paper demonstrate that the isolated bladder of the toad is a very suitable preparation for the study of neurohypophysial effects on water transport in vitro. Results are also presented from a continuing investigation of factors which influence the effect of neurohypophysial extracts. 13Endoc. 17, 3

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%