Meteorological interpretation of the chemical composition of rain-water at one measuring site

Asman, W. A. H.; Slanina, J.; Baard, J.H.

doi:10.1007/bf01046852

Cited by 40 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Although significant differences were only found in these two ions, some annual variations are observed among the most important ionic species. These variations may be due to the influence of various meteorological factors such as wind directions, air mass trajectories, rainfall rate, rainfall total amount, and cloud base height [Asman et al, 1981]. Additionally, changes in air pollutant concentrations in On the other hand, SO42-and NO•-are positively well correlated with NH•-, indicating the existence of (NH4)2SO 4 and NH4NO 3 compounds in rain [Pio et al, 1991].…”

Section: 334 Bfi•ez Et Al' Rainwater Chemistry In Veracruz Statementioning

confidence: 95%

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Rainwater chemistry at the eastern flanks of the Sierra Madre Oriental, Veracruz, Mexico

Báez¹,

Padilla²,

Cervantes³

et al. 1997

J. Geophys. Res.

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Abstract. A rainwater chemistry study was carried out at a single site in Xalapa located at the eastern flanks of the Sierra Madre Oriental, Veracruz, Mexico, during the rainy and dry seasons under the influence of different meteorological conditions. Rain samples were analyzed for the most important ions. The statistical results indicated that there were significant differences at the 95% confidence level between the ionic concentration measured in samples collected in both seasons. The lower concentration values found during the rainy season could be attributed to dilution processes since in this season 79% of the annual precipitation occurs, compared to only 21% in the dry season. High and positive ion-pair correlations were found among the most important ions in both seasons. Although Xalapa is situated at less than 100 km from the coast, marine contribution of SO42-and Ca 2+ is negligible compared with the nonmarine contribution. In the rainy season, enrichment of SO42-, NH•-, and NO•-is due to upwind medium-and long-distance emission sources of Veracruz, as back trajectories of the predominant winds from the southeast indicate. On the other hand, in the dry season this enrichment is due to emission sources situated in Tampico, Madero, and Poza Rica and south-southeastern Texas, as indicated by the predominant winds from the northeast. Finally, wet deposition rates were, as expected, higher during the rainy season in spite of the dilution processes. [1978] reported that slow moving active frontal systems and anticyclones, characterized by the convergence of moist air and by light winds that prevail for several days, respectively, favor the occurrence of episodes of sulfate wet deposition. Singh and Noberr [1982] showed that precipitation acidity was inherently related to air masses in Quebec, Canada. Colin et al. [1989] reported that two main mechanisms are responsible for the enrichment of rain: the dissolution of gases and the impacting of particles that occur in the air column below the cloud base, when raindrops fall (a local phenomenon), and the incorporation of gases and aerosols to the 23,329

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Section: 334 Bfi•ez Et Al' Rainwater Chemistry In Veracruz Statementioning

confidence: 95%

“…The high concentrations of all chemicals at low precipitation rates are probably due to the minimum dilution of available atmospheric materials [Raynor and Hayes, 1982]. It is generally known that ionic concentrations tend to become lower as rainfall increases [Asman et al, 1981].…”

Section: Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rainwater chemistry at the eastern flanks of the Sierra Madre Oriental, Veracruz, Mexico

Báez¹,

Padilla²,

Cervantes³

et al. 1997

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…The gauges were located in unobstructed areas, whenever possible far from tall structures. Similar gauges were used to collect deposition samples from a nature reserve in Rumia in the Gdan Â sk region, 3,4 Gauges of similarly simple designs were used by Reimann et al 5 in 1994 in Russia, Finland and Norway, by Nu È rnberg et al 6 in the years 1980±1982 in Germany and by Asman et al 7 in 1980 in Holland. Before the analysis, all samples were ®ltered through 0.45 mm pore-size ®lters.…”

Section: Sampling Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels of lead in atmospheric deposition in a large urban agglomeration in Poland

Polkowska

Grynkiewicz

Górecki

et al. 2001

J. Environ. Monitor.

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Lead levels in wet and dry deposition were determined within this project. A network of 10 sampling stations was established. The stations were located in areas characterized by heavy traffic volumes, but away from industrial and/or municipal pollution sources. It was assumed, therefore, that lead in the samples collected was coming primarily from automobile emissions. Measurements were carried out over a period of one year. Both rain and snow samples were collected. Lead concentrations in the samples ranged from 0.6 to 141 microg dm(-3). They depended on street topography, traffic volume, average speed of the vehicles, frequency of traffic congestion and atmospheric conditions. The highest lead levels in deposition were observed during the cold season.

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“…Many researchers reported that precipitation chemistry is controlled by the combined effect of various environmental factors such as meteorological conditions, emission and transport of pollutants, topography, and seawater level change (e.g., Asman et al, 1981;Weijer and Vugts, 1990;Rogora et al, 2004;Zhang and Liu, 2004). The natural (unpolluted) rain water is supposed to attain the pH of 5.6 due to the equilibrium dissolution of atmospheric CO 2 (Özsoy and Saydam, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-temporal variation of pH and ionic concentrations in precipitation: interaction between two contrasting stationary sources affecting air quality

Choi¹,

Yun²,

Yeom³

et al. 2008

Geosci J

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Spatio-temporal variation of pH and ionic concentrations in precipitation: interaction between two contrasting stationary sources affecting air quality ABSTRACT: Meteorological and geological factors affecting the pH and ionic concentrations of precipitation were investigated from Jecheon City, Korea. The air quality of the study area is affected by two contrasting stationary sources: 1) a coal-fired power plant to the east-northeast and 2) limestone quarries and cement-manufacturing factories to the east to south-southeast of Jecheon. The temporal change of rainwater chemistry is affected by the interaction between acidic gases and alkaline substances from the above two sources. Accordingly, rainwater pH at a city center widely varies from 4.9 to 8.3. Acidic gases from the power plant are likely to acidify the rainwater pH. As the prevailing wind direction during rainfall events shifted to ENE-SSE, rainwater pH at the city center rapidly increased to >6.5 (up to 7.8). Concomitantly, ionic concentrations (esp., Ca, K, and Na) increased sharply, especially when winds are brown from SE, probably due to major influences of particles coming from limestone quarries. The enrichment factor analyses of acidity and cations also indicate that the acidic components in precipitation are mostly neutralized by limestone particles. In addition, rainwater chemistry showed a spatial variation as a function of the direction and distance from the above two sources. Our results demonstrate a good example of competing roles between the anthropogenic acidic source and the geologic alkaline source.

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Meteorological interpretation of the chemical composition of rain-water at one measuring site

Cited by 40 publications

References 14 publications

Rainwater chemistry at the eastern flanks of the Sierra Madre Oriental, Veracruz, Mexico

Rainwater chemistry at the eastern flanks of the Sierra Madre Oriental, Veracruz, Mexico

Levels of lead in atmospheric deposition in a large urban agglomeration in Poland

Spatio-temporal variation of pH and ionic concentrations in precipitation: interaction between two contrasting stationary sources affecting air quality

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