Meteorological forcing and bottom water movement off the northern New Jersey coast

Hicks, Douglas C.; Miller, James R.

doi:10.1016/s0302-3524(80)80007-7

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Beardsley and Boicourt [1981] report that the long‐term mean flow in the Mid‐Atlantic Bight (MAB) is slow (order 5 cm/s) and generally southward, but that the actual flow on any given day is much more likely to be a more energetic response in either alongshore direction driven by episodic wind events. Only Hicks and Miller [1980] report a strong correlation between southerly winds and rapid decreases in surf zone temperatures of up to 8°–9°C over 2–3 days. They attribute the large and rapid changes to wind forcing of a strong summer thermocline and the MAB Cold Pool.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The shoreward edge of the Cold Pool is quite variable. Hicks and Miller [1980] report observations of 9°C bottom water within 1 km of the shore during a sustained southerly wind event in July 1973; yet in July 1974, they found the 9°C isotherm surrounding the Cold Pool remained 75 km offshore. Even though coastal upwelling may be a source of nutrients, Stoddard et al [1986] point out that it also is a potential source of oxygen, since the colder waters offshore also contain the highest concentrations of DO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biogeochemical impact of summertime coastal upwelling on the New Jersey Shelf

et al. 2004

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The alternative hypothesis that observed regions of recurrent hypoxia on the New Jersey inner shelf are more related to coastal upwelling than riverine inputs of nutrients was investigated through a series of multidisciplinary research programs beginning in 1993. The largest variations in ocean temperatures along the New Jersey coast, other than seasonal, are found to be caused by episodic summertime upwelling events driven by southwesterly winds associated with the atmospheric Bermuda High. Off the southern coast of New Jersey, topographic variations associated with ancient river deltas cause upwelled water to evolve into an alongshore line of recurrent upwelling centers that are colocated with historical regions of low dissolved oxygen. Recurrent upwelling centers are observed every summer in a 9-year data set. The most significant upwelling events occur in summers following colder than usual falls and winters. Size and duration of individual events are correlated and are found to depend on the wind forcing history that effects the inner side of the Middle Atlantic Cold Pool, the precipitation history that effects the strength of the Hudson River plume, and the mixing storm frequency. Upwelling results in a significant enhancement of particulate organic carbon. The typical carbon enhancement associated with the upwelling is sufficient to deplete 75% of the oxygen in the bottom water, making it borderline hypoxic. This indicates that topographically controlled coastal upwelling, rather than riverine inputs, is the more probable mechanism for generating the historical regions of recurrent hypoxia observed along the New Jersey coast.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeochemical impact of summertime coastal upwelling on the New Jersey Shelf

et al. 2004

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“…Coastal waters inshore of strong western boundary currents with broad continental shelves are not usually considered regions of persistent upwelling. However in the shallow mid‐Atlantic, with a broad continental shelf, winds from the south can generate an offshore Ekman drift in surface waters [ Boicourt and Hacker , ; Garvine , ; Glenn et al ., ] that can cause cold subsurface shelf waters to be upwelled near the coast [ Hicks and Miller , ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind to zooplankton: Ecosystem‐wide influence of seasonal wind‐driven upwelling in and around the Delaware Bay

2013

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[1] We synthesized historical records of wind, temperature, nutrients, phytoplankton, and zooplankton to produce a climatological view of the biological response to upwelling in an estuarine/coastal system, the Delaware Bay, and surrounding coastal ocean. We find a persistent, rather than episodic, impact of upwelling near the mouth of the bay from May to September. During the upwelling season, the average sea surface temperature for the upwelling region is 2-3 C colder than the adjacent Delaware Bay and coastal ocean waters. This temperature difference is well correlated with the alongshore wind stress in the summer, making temperature a suitable upwelling index for the region. The upwelling apparently delivers subsurface nutrients to the lower bay and surrounding coastal ocean that help support phytoplankton primary production. Despite high primary production, the phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll) does not increase accordingly. The lack of biomass increase is well correlated to seasonal increases in zooplankton biovolume. This result suggests that persistent upwelling near the Delaware Bay is characterized by an efficient transfer of carbon to primary consumers.

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“…Turbulent boundary conditions combine with strong episodic atmospheric forcing resulting in the numerous physical processes that define the complexity in the coastal ocean. Along the New Jersey coast, upwelling begins as a uniform band of cold water along the coast in response to southwesterly winds [ Hicks and Miller , 1980; Neuman , 1996]. Interactions with the bottom initially cause a two‐dimensional front to evolve into three recurrent upwelling centers located on the downstream sides of three seafloor topographic highs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Episodic physical forcing and the structure of phytoplankton communities in the coastal waters of New Jersey

et al. 2004

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[1] The high variability in physical, biological, and chemical properties in coastal waters have limited our ability to sample the appropriate timescale and space scale to resolve physical forcing of the ecosystem. To improve our understanding, a multiplatform adaptive sampling program at the Long-term Ecosystem Observatory (LEO-15) off the coast of New Jersey examined the relationship between episodic summertime upwelling and downwelling events and the corresponding dynamics in bulk phytoplankton biomass and community structure. Inherent and apparent optical properties were concurrently measured to evaluate the use of optics to improve future sampling coverage in coastal regions. Results indicate peak chlorophyll biomass tracked the maximum density gradient and that increasing surface phytoplankton biomass was associated with decreasing stratification offshore over time. Diatoms dominated the study site; however, significant shifts in cyanobacteria and dinoflagellate communities were observed. Dinoflagellate and cyanobacteria communities responded inversely to episodic events, with cyanobacteria being favored during intense downwelling. Differences in phytoplankton absorption properties significantly changed the corresponding in water inherent optical properties, allowing for characterization of the community structure from measurements of above water hyperspectral reflectance.

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Meteorological forcing and bottom water movement off the northern New Jersey coast

Cited by 12 publications

References 4 publications

Biogeochemical impact of summertime coastal upwelling on the New Jersey Shelf

Biogeochemical impact of summertime coastal upwelling on the New Jersey Shelf

Wind to zooplankton: Ecosystem‐wide influence of seasonal wind‐driven upwelling in and around the Delaware Bay

Episodic physical forcing and the structure of phytoplankton communities in the coastal waters of New Jersey

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