Meteorological Conditions during Heat Waves and Droughts in the United States Great Plains

Chang, Fong-Chiau; Wallace, John M.

doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1987)115<1253:mcdhwa>2.0.co;2

Cited by 104 publications

(84 citation statements)

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“…Midwest events Heat waves affecting the Midwest have anticyclonic flow at mid-levels, either as a closed anticyclone or as a strong ridge (Klein 1952;Karl and Quayle 1981;Namias 1982;Chang and Wallace 1987;Lyon and Dole 1995;Kunkel et al 1996;Livezey and Tinker 1996;Palecki et al 2001;Meehl and Tebaldi 2004;Lau and Nath 2012;Loikith and Broccoli 2012;Teng et al 2013), with associated clear skies allowing maximum solar heating of the surface as well as adiabatic warming from subsidence.…”

Section: Summer Heat Wave Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For at least some events, the continental anticyclonic flow at mid-levels is part of a larger pattern of anomalies with remote centers over the Pacific and Atlantic (Namias 1982;Chang and Wallace 1987;Livezey and Tinker 1996;Lau and Nath 2012;Loikith and Broccoli 2012;Teng et al 2013), with some suggestion that the anomalies are generated in the Pacific (Namias 1982; Lyon and Dole 1995;Livezey and Tinker 1996;Teng et al 2013), with possible predictability (Teng et al 2013). Teng et al (2013) have noted the similarity of the circulation pattern to a Rossby wave number 5 wave train in the jet stream waveguide.…”

Section: Summer Heat Wave Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies of the surface flow have been less common, but negative SLP anomalies have been noted (Chang and Wallace 1987;Lau and Nath 2012;Loikith and Broccoli 2012), and Lau and Nath (2012) have shown anomalous southerly (or southwesterly) flow at the surface, consistent with strong horizontal warm advection. The regional-scale flow also interacts with local mechanisms, particularly the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect (Kunkel et al 1996;Palecki et al 2001).…”

Section: Summer Heat Wave Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The regional-scale flow also interacts with local mechanisms, particularly the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect (Kunkel et al 1996;Palecki et al 2001). Another common element identified in several studies is the presence of drought (Chang and Wallace 1987;Karl and Quayle 1981;Namias 1982;Lyon and Dole 1995) as well as simultaneous precipitation deficits (Lau and Nath 2012).…”

Section: Summer Heat Wave Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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North American extreme temperature events and related large scale meteorological patterns: a review of statistical methods, dynamics, modeling, and trends

et al. 2015

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of: the physics of LSMP life cycles, comprehensive model assessment of LSMP-extreme temperature event linkages, and LSMP properties are needed. Generally, climate models capture observed properties of heat waves and cold air outbreaks with some fidelity. However they overestimate warm wave frequency and underestimate cold air outbreak frequency, and underestimate the collective influence of low-frequency modes on temperature extremes. Modeling studies have identified the impact of large-scale circulation anomalies and land-atmosphere interactions on changes in extreme temperatures. However, few studies have examined changes in LSMPs to more specifically understand the role of LSMPs on past and future extreme temperature changes. Even though LSMPs are resolvable by global and regional climate models, they are not necessarily well simulated. The paper concludes with unresolved issues and research questions.Abstract The objective of this paper is to review statistical methods, dynamics, modeling efforts, and trends related to temperature extremes, with a focus upon extreme events of short duration that affect parts of North America. These events are associated with large scale meteorological patterns (LSMPs). The statistics, dynamics, and modeling sections of this paper are written to be autonomous and so can be read separately. Methods to define extreme events statistics and to identify and connect LSMPs to extreme temperature events are presented. Recent advances in statistical techniques connect LSMPs to extreme temperatures through appropriately defined covariates that supplement more straightforward analyses. Various LSMPs, ranging from synoptic to planetary scale structures, are associated with extreme temperature events. Current knowledge about the synoptics and the dynamical mechanisms leading to the associated LSMPs is incomplete. Systematic studies

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Section: Summer Heat Wave Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Summer Heat Wave Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Summer Heat Wave Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Summer Heat Wave Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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North American extreme temperature events and related large scale meteorological patterns: a review of statistical methods, dynamics, modeling, and trends

et al. 2015

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“…Several of these studies were for the U.S. portion of the Great Plains, (e.g. Namias (1982) and Chang and Wallace (1987)) but it is important to recognize that, even though the Canadian Prairies constitute the northern part of this vast area, the findings for the U.S. regions are not necessarily transposable. Indeed, Oladipo (1986) found that one of the four basic moisture distributions of growing season drought indices was a north-south pattern showing an inverse correlation between the probability of drought over the central and eastern Canadian Prairies and the contemporaneous probability over the U.S. southwestern Plains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between Canadian Prairie dry and wet months and circulation anomalies in the mid‐troposphere

Knox¹,

Lawford

1990

Atmosphere-Ocean

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Land surface and atmospheric conditions associated with heat waves over the Chickasaw Nation in the South Central United States

et al. 2016

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Exposure to extreme heat was reconstructed based on regional land-atmosphere processes from 1979 to 2010 in the South Central U.S. The study region surrounds the Chickasaw Nation (CN), a predominantly Native American population with a highly prevalent burden of climate-sensitive chronic diseases. Land surface and atmospheric conditions for summer heat waves were analyzed during spring (March-April-May, MAM) and summer (June-July-August, JJA) based on the Climate and Ocean: Variability, Predictability, and Change maximum temperature definition for heat wave frequency (HWF). The spatial-temporal pattern of HWF was determined using empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis and the corresponding principle component time series of the first EOF of HWF. Statistically significant analyses of observed conditions indicated that sensible heat increased and latent heat fluxes decreased with high HWF in the South Central U.S. The largest positive correlations of sensible heat flux to HWF and the largest negative correlations of latent heat flux to HWF were specifically observed over the CN. This is a significantly different energy transfer regime due to less available soil moisture during the antecedent MAM and JJA. The higher sensible heat from dry soil could cause significant warming from the near surface (>2.0°C) to the lower troposphere (>1.5°C), and accumulated boundary layer heat could induce the significant patterns of higher geopotential height and enhance anticyclonic circulations (negative vorticity anomaly) at the midtroposphere. Results suggested a positive land-atmosphere feedback associated with heat waves and called attention to the need for region-specific climate adaptation planning.

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Meteorological Conditions during Heat Waves and Droughts in the United States Great Plains

Cited by 104 publications

References 0 publications

North American extreme temperature events and related large scale meteorological patterns: a review of statistical methods, dynamics, modeling, and trends

North American extreme temperature events and related large scale meteorological patterns: a review of statistical methods, dynamics, modeling, and trends

The relationship between Canadian Prairie dry and wet months and circulation anomalies in the mid‐troposphere

Land surface and atmospheric conditions associated with heat waves over the Chickasaw Nation in the South Central United States

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