Metazoan Parasites of Antarctic Fishes

Oğuz, Mehmet; Tepe, Yahya; Belk, Mark C.; Heckmann, Richard A.; ASLAN, BURÇAK; Gürgen, Meryem; Bray, Rodney A.; Akgul, Ulker

doi:10.5152/tpd.2015.3661

Cited by 25 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The names of the known channichthyid species, combined with the keywords “parasite” “Digenea,” “Monogenea,” “Cestoda,” “Nematoda,” “Acanthocephala,” and “Crustacea” were used. In addition to original publications, Klimpel et al (2009) and Oguz et al (2015) were taken into consideration. Validity of species names were checked by using The World Register of Marine Species ( ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lighten up the dark: metazoan parasites as indicators for the ecology of Antarctic crocodile icefish (Channichthyidae) from the north-west Antarctic Peninsula

Kühn

Zizka

Münster

et al. 2018

PeerJ

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Due to its remote and isolated location, Antarctica is home to a unique diversity of species. The harsh conditions have shaped a primarily highly adapted endemic fauna. This includes the notothenioid family Channichthyidae. Their exceptional physiological adaptations have made this family of icefish the focus of many studies. However, studies on their ecology, especially on their parasite fauna, are comparatively rare. Parasites, directly linked to the food chain, can function as biological indicators and provide valuable information on host ecology (e.g., trophic interactions) even in remote habitats with limited accessibility, such as the Southern Ocean. In the present study, channichthyid fish (Champsocephalus gunnari: n = 25, Chaenodraco wilsoni: n = 33, Neopagetopsis ionah: n = 3, Pagetopsis macropterus: n = 4, Pseudochaenichthys georgianus: n = 15) were collected off South Shetland Island, Elephant Island, and the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula (CCAML statistical subarea 48.1). The parasite fauna consisted of 14 genera and 15 species, belonging to the six taxonomic groups including Digenea (four species), Nematoda (four), Cestoda (two), Acanthocephala (one), Hirudinea (three), and Copepoda (one). The stomach contents were less diverse with only Crustacea (Euphausiacea, Amphipoda) recovered from all examined fishes. Overall, 15 new parasite-host records could be established, and possibly a undescribed genotype or even species might exist among the nematodes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…South Georgia Island) are included. Records are based on Klimpel et al (2009) and Oguz et al (2015) . Depth ranges of the fish species are taken from Froese & Pauly (2016).…”

Section: Supplemental Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lighten up the dark: metazoan parasites as indicators for the ecology of Antarctic crocodile icefish (Channichthyidae) from the north-west Antarctic Peninsula

Kühn

Zizka

Münster

et al. 2018

PeerJ

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“…In addition, seven contigs encoding the marine leech Nototheniobdella sawyer were identified in area 88.4. N. sawyer is one of the most commonly identified parasites among Antarctic fish species ( Oğuz et al, 2015 ). Because we only detected the existence of parasites in the stomachs of examined fish by NGS analysis, further study should be conducted on parasitic organisms of D. mawsoni , including individual infections, regional differences, and genetic diversity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabarcoding analysis of the stomach contents of the Antarctic Toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni) collected in the Antarctic Ocean

Yoon

Kang

Lee

et al. 2017

PeerJ

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Stomach contents of the Antarctic toothfish, Dissostichus mawsoni, collected from subareas 58.4 and 88.3, were analyzed using next generation sequencing (NGS) technology. After processing the raw reads generated by the MiSeq platform, a total of 131,233 contigs (130 operational taxonomic units [OTUs]) were obtained from 163 individuals in subarea 58.4, and 75,961 contigs (105 OTUs) from 164 fish in subarea 88.3. At 98% sequence identity, species names were assigned to most OTUs in this study, indicating the quality of the DNA barcode database for the Antarctic Ocean was sufficient for molecular analysis, especially for fish species. A total of 19 species was identified from the stomach of D. mawsoni in this study, which included 14 fish species and five mollusks. More than 90% of contigs belonged to fish species, supporting the postulate that the major prey of D. mawsoni are fish. Two fish species, Macrourus whitsoni and Chionobathyscus dewitti, were the most important prey items (a finding similar to that of previous studies). We also obtained genotypes of prey items by NGS analysis, identifying an additional 17 representative haplotypes in this study. Comparison with three previous morphological studies and the NGS-based molecular identification in this study extended our knowledge regarding the prey of D. mawsoni, which previously was not possible. These results suggested that NGS-based diet studies are possible, if several current technical limitations, including the quality of the barcode database or the development of precise molecular quantification techniques to link them with morphological values, are overcome. To achieve this, additional studies should be conducted on various marine organisms.

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“…In a census of species from the Southern Ocean (De Broyer et al, 2014), the diversity of approximately 9000 different species of organismsincluding algae, invertebrates and vertebrates, and excluding parasiteswas considered. Nevertheless, approximately 270 parasite species have been recorded in 145 fish species, as shown in a checklist of parasites provided by Oğuz et al (2015), complemented with other sources (Kabata, 1965;Rokicki & Skorá, 1986;Sosiński & Janusz, 1986;Rokicki & Zdzitowiecki, 1991;Rokicki et al, 1992;Rohde et al, 1998;Walter et al, 2002;Kuhn et al, 2018). However, the number of species is insufficient to analyse biodiversity, which refers to the variability of life on Earth, and different methods have been widely discussed (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(3) the taxonomic diversity of fish is narrow in the Antarctic because ten families are present in this zonethe family Nototheniidae comprises more than 50% of the benthic fish species, which is more than the zones outside of Antarctica (Eastman, 1993(Eastman, , 2005; meanwhile, for the subantarctic coastal zone, there are approximately 30 fish families, and 24% of the benthic fish belong to Nototheniidae (Reyes & Hüne, 2012); (4) the species of parasites and hosts are directly related to one another, as seen in terrestrial (Krasnov et al, 2004) and aquatic organisms (Sassal et al, 1998) thus, low host diversity corresponds to low parasite diversity; and (5) low taxonomic parasite diversity can also be found in Antarctic fish because two parasitic groups, digeneans and acanthocephalans, have been the most representative parasites with high richness and abundance (Zdzitowiecki & White, 1992;Rocka, 2006;Oğuz et al, 2015). Therefore, in this study, we propose analysing the composition and diversity of fish parasites using different methods and comparing them in the Antarctic and subantarctic zones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endoparasitic diversity from the Southern Ocean: is it really low in Antarctic fish?

Muñoz

Cartes

2020

J. Helminthol.

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The biodiversity and composition of endoparasites in fish obtained from the Antarctic and subantarctic zones are compared in this study. Several fish were collected in the summer from Antarctica (King George Island) and the Southern Pacific coast (Strait of Magellan and Almirante Montt Gulf). This database was complemented with published information on fish endoparasite communities from both zones, with specimens of fish sample size n ≥ 15. Thus, 31 fish species were analysed in this study, which altogether had 79 parasite species. Diversity indices were calculated for the parasite community of each fish species. Then they were compared between the Antarctic and subantarctic zones. Parasite species composition and host specificity (as the number of fish species used by a parasite species) were also analysed and compared between zones. The diversity indices and the abundance of parasites were significantly higher in the Antarctic than the subantarctic fish. Few parasite species (7.6%) were shared between fish from both zones, showing significant differences in parasite composition. Antarctic parasites were less host-specific than subantarctic parasites, which allowed the coexistence of several parasite species in the fish. The high parasite abundance in Antarctic fish could trigger sympatric speciation in certain parasitic lineages or the exploitation of new resources, resulting in more parasite species than those in subantarctic environments. The high abundance of Antarctic parasites implies different methods and rates of transmission than those of subantarctic parasites. In addition, more alternative fish hosts were used by the Antarctic than subantarctic parasites. This altogether indicates that host–parasite interaction dynamics significantly differ between the Antarctic and subantarctic systems.

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Metazoan Parasites of Antarctic Fishes

Cited by 25 publications

References 21 publications

Lighten up the dark: metazoan parasites as indicators for the ecology of Antarctic crocodile icefish (Channichthyidae) from the north-west Antarctic Peninsula

Lighten up the dark: metazoan parasites as indicators for the ecology of Antarctic crocodile icefish (Channichthyidae) from the north-west Antarctic Peninsula

Metabarcoding analysis of the stomach contents of the Antarctic Toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni) collected in the Antarctic Ocean

Endoparasitic diversity from the Southern Ocean: is it really low in Antarctic fish?

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