Metazoan Endoparasites as Biological Indicators of Baltic Cod Biology

Abstract

The Baltic cod is a substock of the Atlantic cod Gadus morhua, and it is divided into two subpopulations (the western and the eastern stock) living in the semienclosed Baltic Sea. This brackish water area is receiving high salinity water from the North Sea through the Danish straits (the Great Belt, Øresund, and Little Belt) and freshwater from precipitation and the drainage areas in surrounding countries whereby marked differences with regard to salinity conditions occur in various parts of the area. The biological and hydrographical conditions determine the parasite fauna found in the Baltic cod, and therefore several of the Baltic parasites are biological indicators. Recommended indicator parasites comprise trematodes

Trematode Parthenitae Infection Rate and Distribution of Kola Bay Actic Molluscs of the Genus Littorina

“…The life cycles of various trematode species are carried out through the periwinkles as the first intermediate host [3,4]. The final host in the life cycle is coastal birds or fish [5,6]. BRDEM-2019 The behaviour of infested hosts is one of peculiar interest among the other negative effects.…”