Metaverse and Virtual Health Care in Ophthalmology: Opportunities and Challenges

Tan, Ting Fang; Li, Yong; Lim, Jane; Gunasekeran, Dinesh Visva; Teo, Zhen Ling; Ng, Wei Yan; Ting, Daniel Sw

doi:10.1097/apo.0000000000000537

Cited by 91 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…They also claimed that data integrity, authorization, user authentication, and data confidentiality are requirements in the design of a virtual reality system to prevent various security threats. In 2022, Tan et al [20] proposed using blockchain technology in metaverse environments to realize decentralization and interoperability. They said that blockchain technology can be employed to protect, store, and share data.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Secure Mutual Authentication Scheme for Metaverse Environments Using Blockchain

et al. 2022

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During the COVID-19 pandemic, engagement in various remote activities such as online education and meetings has increased. However, since the conventional online environments typically provide simple streaming services using cameras and microphones, there have limitations in terms of physical expression and experiencing real-world activities such as cultural and economic activities. Recently, metaverse environments, three-dimensional virtual reality that use avatars, have attracted increasing attention as a means to solve these problems. Thus, many metaverse platforms such as Roblox, Minecraft, and Fortnite have been emerging to provide various services to users. However, such metaverse environments are potentially vulnerable to various security threats because the users and platform servers communicate through public channels. In addition, sensitive user data such as identity, password, and biometric information are managed by each platform server. In this paper, we design a system model that can guarantee secure communication and transparently manage user identification data in metaverse environments using blockchain technology. We also propose a mutual authentication scheme using biometric information and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) to provide secure communication between users and platform servers and secure avatar interactions between avatars and avatars. To demonstrate the security of the proposed mutual authentication scheme, we perform informal security analysis, Burrows-Abadi-Needham (BAN) logic, Real-or-Random (ROR) model, and Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications (AVISPA). In addition, we compare the computation costs, communication costs, and security features of the proposed scheme with existing schemes in similar environments. The results demonstrate that the proposed scheme has lower computation and communication costs and can provide a wider range of security features than existing schemes. Thus, our proposed scheme can be used to provide secure metaverse environments.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Secure Mutual Authentication Scheme for Metaverse Environments Using Blockchain

et al. 2022

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“…Although the metaverse and the virtual world are regarded as the same concept in some practical cases, it is a recent trend to view the phenomenon as the complex of the real world and the imaginary world due to the continued influence of the metaverse roadmap. In this point of view, an immersive technology is a linkage between a real world and imaginary world so that these two worlds become one world called the metaverse, a complex world [ 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 ].…”

Section: Metaverse Service Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Metaverse Service to Healthcare Industry: A Strategic Perspective

Lee

2022

IJERPH

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This study is to explore a state of the art in metaverse service that is an emerging issue in applying it to the healthcare industry. The purpose of this study is to provide applicable strategic scenarios for effective metaverse service planning and implementation in healthcare settings. This study is focused on metaverse service as a business model. Thus, related literatures of metaverse service are reviewed in various aspects in healthcare industry. An exploratory approach is used to analyze current qualitative data characterizing healthcare metaverse service business positions and derive applicable strategies from business trends of current metaverse services. Several cases are examined based on the data obtained from various sources of healthcare and other related industries. This study synthesizes finding results and suggests applicable strategies of metaverse service in the healthcare industry. This study will facilitate strategic decision-making and policy-making processes to pursue a business opportunity development through an application of a metaverse service in healthcare and similar settings.

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“…The connection between virtual and actual cloud specialists and endpoint customers, including endpoint physicians, clients, as well as their close relatives, might also enable many types of medical services. Some examples of these services include illness control [72], health-care [73], medical tests [74], diagnosis of illnesses, therapy [75], first aid, outpatient presence, consulting, and so on. In addition, it is important to emphasize that safety is a precondition for use of Metaverse in medicine, as well as a dependable safety structure is the cornerstone for ensuring the regular functioning of the Metaverse [5].…”

Section: ) Education Metaverse Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Metaverse’s Definitions, Architecture, Applications, Challenges, Issues, Solutions, and Future Trends

et al. 2022

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Metaverse is a vision enabling to constitute an environment in which someone could see real and virtualized worlds. The Metaverse is a product (or something similar as we do not yet know its final form) of such technologies. In this circumstance, when applications that utilize the Metaverse are used, there seem to be no transportation charges, and there is no cap on amounts of individuals, users, players, learners, or trainee who can take part. Hence, and due to such a feature, the Metaverse has attracted various researchers from different fields where it has been exploited by them to contribute to those fields and research areas. As for example, it is possible to teach various target audiences by offering different events and classes from any location in the globe. In order for a participant to utilize the Metaverse, there are necessary conditions to be considered as well as other settings to be initialized. In line of this, virtual reality, augmented reality, availability of required sensors, smart glasses, headsets, and few others are considered some examples of such conditions and settings that the Metaverse requires. Despite the advantages that Metaverse offers us, there are a number of considerations that must be taken into account while developing it by interested researchers. One of these concerns is the Metaverse privacy regarding the participants (represented as avatars inside the Metaverse environment). Another issue is that since the Metaverse is still in its early stages, many attempts have to be made from interested researchers who engage to develop it to enhancing it. This review aims to survey related articles that concern the Metaverse and its development providing a review of the chronological stages throughout the history of the development of Metaverse. It aims also to list a number of recent technological advances allowing the Metaverse. Besides, Metaverse's definitions, properties, and architecture, and applications have been discussed and listed in this review. The novelty of this article is that it has suggested a framework to a number of issues that are still paid attention for potential solutions by researchers aiming to contribute to researchers and designers to consider such an issue and its corresponding solution for future research works and enhancement. Challenges faced by researchers and other relevant concerned issues related to Metaverse have been in detail discussed and highlighted. Besides, future trends have been clarified.

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Metaverse and Virtual Health Care in Ophthalmology: Opportunities and Challenges

Cited by 91 publications

References 90 publications

Design of Secure Mutual Authentication Scheme for Metaverse Environments Using Blockchain

Design of Secure Mutual Authentication Scheme for Metaverse Environments Using Blockchain

Application of Metaverse Service to Healthcare Industry: A Strategic Perspective

A Review of Metaverse’s Definitions, Architecture, Applications, Challenges, Issues, Solutions, and Future Trends

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