Metathesis Curing of Allylated Lignin and Different Plant Oils for the Preparation of Thermosetting Polymer Films with Tunable Mechanical Properties

Over, Lena Charlotte; Hergert, Marcel; Meier, Michael A. R.

doi:10.1002/macp.201700177

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The two bands corresponding to the deformation vibration of a double bond (−CHCH 2 ) appeared at 990 and 925 cm –1 . , The typical aromatic CC stretching vibration absorption bands at 1585 and 1510 cm –1 were present in both the unmodified fraction and allylated lignin. The methoxy groups present in KL_EtOH remained unchanged after chemical modification and showed two absorption bands at 1455 and 1420 cm –1 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The methoxy groups present in KL_EtOH remained unchanged after chemical modification and showed two absorption bands at 1455 and 1420 cm −1 . 46 The morphological characteristics of KL_Initial, KL_EtOH and A-KL_EtOH were studied by SEM, and images are illustrated in Figure 1 and Figure S9. Initial powdery lignin particles exhibit near spherical geometry with a size of a few micrometers to hundreds of micrometers, with a high surface roughness (Figure 1A, B).…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring the Effects of Different Cross-Linkers on Lignin-Based Thermoset Properties and Morphologies

Ribca

Jawerth

Brett

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The search for sustainable material solutions has put lignin as one of the prime candidates for aromatic building blocks in macromolecular materials. The present study aimed to demonstrate how lignin-based thermoset resins can be utilized in combination with different cross-linkers. Kraft lignin was used to produce thermosets with tunable mechanical and morphological properties. The lignin-based thermosets were obtained via a thermally induced thiol−ene reaction. The first part of this work was focused on Kraft lignin solvent fractionation and chemical modification of the ethanol soluble fraction. Chemical analysis indicated that the allylation process was selective toward phenolic hydroxyl groups. SAXS and SEM studies demonstrated that solvent fractionation and allylation processes affected the molecular and nanoscale morphological characteristics of lignin. The second part's focus was on how the properties of thermosets can be tuned by using three different cross-linkers. The dynamic mechanical and morphological properties of three different thermosets were investigated via DMA, SAXS, and WAXS techniques. The three different thermosets exhibit similar molecular morphology but different storage modulus and glass transition temperature. In this work, it was shown that despite lignin's heterogeneity it was possible to produce thermosetting materials with tunable properties.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Effects of Different Cross-Linkers on Lignin-Based Thermoset Properties and Morphologies

Ribca

Jawerth

Brett

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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show abstract

“…Incorporating lignin in material systems has been examined in various ways ranging from filler components − over thermoplastics to thermosets. − This often requires chemical modification of the lignin to introduce chemical handles for further reactions or to compatibilize it with, for example, polymer matrices. The multifunctionality of lignin makes it versatile in terms of possibilities for chemical modification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Lignin-Based Thermosets

Jawerth

Brett

Terrier

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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The need for renewable alternatives for fossil-based aromatic material constituents is evident for a more sustainable society. Lignin is the largest source of naturally occurring aromatic compounds but has mainly been considered as waste material or energy source in the pulp and paper industry. Developments in extracting lignin from these processes provide a large source for renewable aromatic structures to be used in various applications. Producing thermosets out of lignin is a very promising route to utilize this raw material toward, for example, composite application. The buildup of the molecular network based on oligomeric lignin segments will be different from traditional thermoset analogues, where the constituents often are smaller molecules, and will have an effect on the material properties. In this work LignoBoost Kraft lignin is refined, chemically modified, and used to produce freestanding thermosets with different architectures and properties. These different thermosets are evaluated, and the possibilities to tailor the material properties through work-up and modification are demonstrated. Morphological studies on the formed thermosets using X-ray scattering show systematic differences in molecular stacking and aggregate sizes.

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“…After extraction, the insoluble portion was dried in an oven at 60 °C for 12 h. The remaining solution was concentrated under reduced pressure and dried in vacuo . The soluble percentage of the thermoset films was calculated using eq where m 0 is the initial weight and m 1 is the dry weight after extraction.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Norbornene-Functionalized Plant Oils for Biobased Thermoset Films and Binders of Silicon-Graphite Composite Electrodes

Samart

Lee

et al. 2020

ACS Omega

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We herein report the functionalization of plant oil with norbornene (NB) and subsequent polymerization to prepare biobased thermoset films and biobased binders for silicon/mesocarbon microbead (MCMB) composite electrodes for use in lithium-ion batteries. A series of NBfunctionalized plant oils were prepared as biobased thermoset films via ringopening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) in the presence of a secondgeneration Grubbs catalyst with tunable thermomechanical properties. Increasing the catalyst loading and cross-linking agent increased cross-link density, storage modulus (E′), and glass transition temperature (T g ), while the numbers of unreacted or oligomeric components in the films were reduced. High number of NB rings per triglyceride in the plant oil encouraged monomer incorporation to form a polymer network, therefore accounting for the high T g and E′ values. Furthermore, the NB-functionalized plant oil and 2,5-norbornadiene (NBD) were copolymerized as bioderived binders for silicone/MCMB composite electrodes of lithium-ion batteries via ROMP during electrode preparation. Cell performance investigation showed that the silicone/MCMB composite electrode bearing the NBD-cross-linked NB-functionalized plant oil binder exhibited a higher C-rate and cycle-life performance than that using a conventional poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) binder. Finally, the electrode based on the bioderived binder exhibited a high specific charge capacity of 620 mA h g −1 at 0.5 C.

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Metathesis Curing of Allylated Lignin and Different Plant Oils for the Preparation of Thermosetting Polymer Films with Tunable Mechanical Properties

Cited by 10 publications

References 47 publications

Exploring the Effects of Different Cross-Linkers on Lignin-Based Thermoset Properties and Morphologies

Exploring the Effects of Different Cross-Linkers on Lignin-Based Thermoset Properties and Morphologies

Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Lignin-Based Thermosets

Norbornene-Functionalized Plant Oils for Biobased Thermoset Films and Binders of Silicon-Graphite Composite Electrodes

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