Metastatic stage vs complications at radical nephrectomy with inferior vena cava thrombectomy

Effect of Inferior Vena Cava Tumor Thrombus on Overall Survival in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients Treated with Cytoreductive Nephrectomy

“…Finally, it must be highlighted that the current study population represents a rare, yet challenging, subgroup of mRCC patients when CN is undertaken. Assessment and perioperative risk management as well as defining the most appropriate surgical approach (open vs laparoscopic vs robotic assisted) for each patient individually, represent the crucial steps to minimize the risk of perioperative complications in such complex and a priori complicated procedures [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] .…”