“…It controls the electroneutral exchange of a single intracellular H + for an extracellular Na + ion (1:1 stoichiometry) across the plasma membrane, acting to elevate intracellular pH (pH i ). NHE1 thus regulates Na + levels, pH i , cell volume, − proliferation, and cell migration , and has been correlated with pathological conditions such as heart disease − and hypertension. , In cancer cells, elevated NHE1 activity enhances malignant transformation, invasion, and metastasis. , NHE1 has been implicated in cancer regulation, progression, and metastasis of breast, ,− ovarian, , pancreatic, , gastric, and prostate cancers as well as hepatocellular carcinoma …”