Metastatic Melanoma to the Urinary Bladder of Ocular Origin Accompanied with Primary Cutaneous Melanoma: Diagnostic Challenge—A Report of a Case

Abstract

Metastases of melanoma to the urinary bladder are infrequent. Even rarer are metastases to the urinary bladder from uveal melanoma, with only 3 cases published in the literature so far. Herein we present a case of a 77-year-old male patient who presented with metastatic melanoma to the urinary bladder. The patient's history included the diagnoses of uveal melanoma treated with radiation 25 years ago, as well as that of cutaneous melanoma diagnosed 7 years ago. The molecular study of the urinary bladder tumor specimen identified mutation of the GNAQ gene, which has been suggested to be an early molecular event in the pathogenetic course of over 80% of uveal melanomas. Therefore, the diagnosis of uveal melanoma metastatic to the urinary bladder was made.

Urological Melanoma: A Comprehensive Review of a Rare Subclass of Mucosal Melanoma with Emphasis on Differential Diagnosis and Therapeutic Approaches

“…However, close study and reconstruction of the clinical history demonstrated that 15 years before, the woman had undergone enucleation of the left ocular bulb for primary ocular MM. This case was, therefore, the third report in literature of this very rare occurrence [45,46]. In light of the results of this review of MM of the urinary bladder, we can state that we believe the above-mentioned criteria for the kidney, proposed by Ainsworth et al, remain valid today.…”

“…et al [31] 2011 [39] 2021 Primary CH and adjuvant CHT 16 months Maeda, T. et al [40] 2008 Metastatic CH, CHT and IT some months Nohara, T. et al [41] 2009 Metastatic TURBT and CHT some months Siroy, A.E. et al [42] 2011 Primary TURBT and CH some months Efesoy, O. et al [43] 2011 Metastatic TURBT and CHT 7 months Meunier, R. et al [44] 2015 Metastatic TURBT, CH and CHT some months Theocharides, C. et al [45] 2017 Metastatic TURBT and IT some months Paterson, A. et al [46] 2012 Metastatic CH and CHT <5 months Ikeda, A. et al [47] 2013 Metastatic TURBT and CHT <5 months Topal, C.S. et al [48] 2016 Among these, 9 patients had primary/metastatic MM of the kidney and 7 patients primary/metastastic MM of the ureter, 43 patients had primary/metastatic MM of the bladder and 88 patients primary/metastatic MM of the urethra (males and females).…”

“…A few months later, the patient died of metastatic disease progression. Various reports [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50] have dealt with cases of secondary involvement of the bladder by a previous cutaneous skin melanoma. In one of the most recent of these papers, Topal et al [48] reported their experience of a 70-year-old patient who had presented to the Urology Department for macrohematuria.…”

Bladder tumour as a first manifestation of metastatic choroid melanoma

“… 3 The authors of this article found only six cases of metastasized choroid melanoma to the bladder. 4 Patients with metastases localized to the bladder and good performance status may benefit from radical cystectomy, although the overall maximum reported survival was of 3 years. The role of traditional chemotherapy in metastatic melanoma is limited, as little survival benefit is achieved, currently, first line chemotherapy involves the use of alkalizing agents such as.…”

Metastatic melanoma to the urinary bladder with synchronous or metachronous metastasis to other organs: Clinicopathological characteristics and outcome

“…It has a bad prognosis. <30 cases of metastatic melanoma to the bladder have been reported in the English literature to date; 5 of these cases were recognized, and 62 reported cases were combined to create the literature study [ [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] , [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] ]. The presented case is the 63rd.…”