Context: Systemic metastasis to a primary tumor of the central nervous system is uncommon. Breast carcinomas metastasizing to a possibly preexisting meningioma in the spine are reported very rarely. Study design: Case report. Findings: A 69-year-old female was referred to us with progressive gait disturbance. She had undergone a total mastectomy for carcinoma of the right breast 11 years previously. A magnetic resonance imaging of the thoracic spine showed an intra-and extradural spinal cord tumor. The patient underwent resection of the tumor via laminectomy from T2 to T4. After the operation, the patient's neurological status improved significantly, and she was able to walk without assistance. Histological examination showed the tumor to be a fibrous-type meningioma within a metastatic breast cancer tumor. The patient underwent 40 Gy radiation treatment for local control of the tumor. However, the tumor recurred locally 7 months after the surgery. The patient died of carcinomatous pleurisy 13 months after the surgery. Conclusion: This case illustrates that a primary meningioma in the thoracic spine can be a recipient of breast cancer metastasis, which may alter the treatment strategy.Keywords: Breast carcinoma, Metastasis, Meningioma, Thoracic spine
ContextAdvanced cancer metastases to a central nervous system tumor are rare. When it happens, the metastatic tumor is most often a meningioma.1-11 Several hypotheses explaining the mechanism of distant metastases to a pre-existing central nervous system tumor have been proposed, and include the rich vascularity of the preexisting tumor or hormonal or immunologic factors, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Most papers published on this subject have been case reports or a small case series, 2-4,7-11 and the clinical features and distinctive radiological characteristics of this condition have not been described in detail. There are few case reports of cancer metastasizing to an intracranial meningioma; however, only two cases of metastasis to a spinal meningioma appear in the literature. 2,9 Here, we present the very rare case of breast cancer metastasis to a possibly preexisting thoracic meningioma.
Case presentationA 69-year-old female was referred to our department with a 1-month history of progressive gait disturbance and back pain. The patient had undergone total mastectomy for carcinoma of the right breast (T2N0M0: stage IIA) 11 years previously. Histological examination had revealed the breast cancer to be invasive ductal carcinoma. Estrogen and progesterone receptors were negative. The patient was treated with four cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy. Seven years after the mastectomy, a chest radiograph revealed a right lung metastasis, and the patient underwent apical segmentectomy to remove the metastatic carcinoma. The lung metastasis had transformed into a metaplastic carcinoma, consisting of malignant bone and cartilage in addition to ordinary ductal carcinoma.