Metastases in Dermatological Patients With Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Møller, Rigmor; Reymann, Flemming; Hou‐Jensen, Klaus

doi:10.1001/archderm.1979.04010060011017

Cited by 183 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…UVA and UVB are the most prominent and ubiquitous carcinogenic wavelengths in our natural environment (1,2). Chronic exposure to UVR is the most common etiologic factor linked to the development of squamous cell carcinomas and basal cell carcinomas, the most common nonmelanoma forms of human skin cancer (4). Squamous cell carcinoma, unlike basal cell carcinoma, invades the nearby tissues (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chronic exposure to UVR is the most common etiologic factor linked to the development of squamous cell carcinomas and basal cell carcinomas, the most common nonmelanoma forms of human skin cancer (4). Squamous cell carcinoma, unlike basal cell carcinoma, invades the nearby tissues (4). The first site of metastasis usually is a regional lymph node before metastatic growth in distant sites such as the lung and brain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first site of metastasis usually is a regional lymph node before metastatic growth in distant sites such as the lung and brain. Although mortality due to squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma is low, it still poses a significant societal risk (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protein Kinase C ε Is an Endogenous Photosensitizer That Enhances Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Cutaneous Damage and Development of Squamous Cell Carcinomas1

et al. 2004

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Chronic exposure to UV radiation (UVR), especially in the UVA (315-400 nm) and UVB (280 -315 nm) spectrum of sunlight, is the major risk factor for the development of nonmelanoma skin cancer. UVR is a complete carcinogen, which both initiates and promotes carcinogenesis. We found that protein kinase C ⑀ (PKC⑀), a member of the phospholipiddependent threonine/serine kinase family, is an endogenous photosensitizer, the overexpression of which in the epidermis increases the susceptibility of mice to UVR-induced cutaneous damage and development of squamous cell carcinoma. The PKC⑀ transgenic mouse (FVB/N) lines 224 and 215 overexpressed 8-and 18-fold PKC⑀ protein, respectively, over endogenous levels in basal epidermal cells. UVR exposure (1 kJ/m 2 three times weekly) induced irreparable skin damage in high PKC⑀-overexpressing mouse line 215. However, the PKC⑀ transgenic mouse line 224, when exposed to UVR (2 kJ/m 2 three times weekly), exhibited minimum cutaneous damage but increased squamous cell carcinoma multiplicity by 3-fold and decreased tumor latency by 12 weeks. UVR exposure of PKC⑀ transgenic mice compared with wild-type littermates (1) elevated the levels of neither cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer nor pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidone dimer, (2) reduced the appearance of sunburn cells, (3) induced extensive hyperplasia and increased the levels of mouse skin tumor promoter marker ornithine decarboxylase, and (4) elevated the levels of tumor necrosis factor ␣ (TNF␣) and other growth stimulatory cytokines, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor. The role of TNF␣ in UVR-induced cutaneous damage was evaluated using PKC⑀ transgenic mice deficient in TNF␣. UVR treatment three times weekly for 13 weeks at 2 kJ/m 2 induced severe cutaneous damage in PKC⑀ transgenic mice (line 215), which was partially prevented in PKC⑀-transgenic TNF␣-knockout mice. Taken together, the results indicate that PKC⑀ signals UVR-induced TNF␣ release that is linked, at least in part, to the photosensitivity of PKC⑀ transgenic mice.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protein Kinase C ε Is an Endogenous Photosensitizer That Enhances Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Cutaneous Damage and Development of Squamous Cell Carcinomas1

et al. 2004

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“…UVA and UVB are the most prominent and ubiquitous carcinogenic wavelengths in our natural environment (12,13). Chronic exposure to UVR is the most common etiologic factor linked to the development of SCCs and basal cell carcinomas (BCC), the most common nonmelanoma forms of human skin cancer (14). SCC, unlike BCC, invades the nearby tissues (14).…”

Section: +mentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein Kinase C δ Overexpressing Transgenic Mice Are Resistant to Chemically but not to UV Radiation–Induced Development of Squamous Cell Carcinomas: A Possible Link to Specific Cytokines and Cyclooxygenase-2

et al. 2006

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Protein kinase C D (PKCD), a Ca 2+ -independent, phospholipiddependent serine/threonine kinase, is among the novel PKCs (D, E, and H) expressed in mouse epidermis. We reported that FVB/N transgenic mice that overexpress (f8-fold) PKCD protein in basal epidermal cells and cells of the hair follicle are resistant to the development of both skin papillomas and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) elicited by 7,12-

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“…While the overall rate of metastasis is quite low (on the order of 1-2%) and difficult to assess precisely (for the same reasons as proffered for actinic keratosis incidence above), this rate is greatly increased in certain circumstances. [8][9][10] Traditionally, pathologists have provided clinicians with a template of prognostic indicators when reporting melanomas. This has not been true for squamous cell carcinomas, perhaps in part due to the relatively good prognosis for most of these tumors.…”

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confidence: 99%

Squamous cell carcinoma: from precursor lesions to high-risk variants

Smoller

2006

Modern Pathology

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Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is second only to basal cell carcinoma in its incidence within our population. It is among the most common types of neoplasm afflicting the human race. Most cases are related to exposure to sunlight. This initial portion of the chapter will focus upon the biologic progression that results in the ultimate development of fully formed squamous cell carcinoma. The latter portion will focus upon the histologic features of squamous cell carcinoma, which may be potential prognostic indicators. While pathologists currently provide clinicians with information about many histologic features that may affect the outcome for patients with melanoma, there is little impetus for similar behavior on the part of pathologists when diagnosing squamous cell carcinomas. This is largely due to the relatively low metastasis rate for these tumors compared with melanomas; however, it may be possible for pathologists to separate out those squamous cell carcinomas with a higher chance for recurrence and metastasis. This chapter will examine many of these histologic features and propose a rationale for including this information in pathology reports.

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Metastases in Dermatological Patients With Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Cited by 183 publications

References 7 publications

Protein Kinase C ε Is an Endogenous Photosensitizer That Enhances Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Cutaneous Damage and Development of Squamous Cell Carcinomas1

Protein Kinase C ε Is an Endogenous Photosensitizer That Enhances Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Cutaneous Damage and Development of Squamous Cell Carcinomas1

Protein Kinase C δ Overexpressing Transgenic Mice Are Resistant to Chemically but not to UV Radiation–Induced Development of Squamous Cell Carcinomas: A Possible Link to Specific Cytokines and Cyclooxygenase-2

Squamous cell carcinoma: from precursor lesions to high-risk variants

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