Metastases from transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladder

Babaian, R. Joseph; Johnson, Douglas E.; Llamas, L; Ayala, Alberto G.

doi:10.1016/0090-4295(80)90067-9

Cited by 210 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Almost 25% of patients with newly diagnosed bladder carcinoma have muscle-invasive disease, 2 and, of these, almost 50% already have occult distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis. 3 Therefore, within type B tumors, there is no specific predictor at early stages for later invasive and metastatic clinical outcome. In view of the clear correlation between the expression of specific carbohydrate epitopes and clinical prognosis in patients with various types of tumors, we studied such a correlation in patients with bladder carcinoma with focus on those with type B tumors.…”

Section: Results Anti-slementioning

confidence: 99%

Sialosyl‐Le^x expression defines invasive and metastatic properties of bladder carcinoma

Numahata

Satoh

Handa

et al. 2002

Cancer

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BACKGROUNDTwo types of transitional bladder carcinoma have been distinguished based on macroscopic morphology: type A papillary carcinomas, with papillomatous surface outgrowth without infiltration into muscular layer, and type B nodular carcinomas, with a nonpapillomatous surface appearance, most of which display infiltrative growth through muscular layer, and some of which display lymphatic or blood‐borne metastasis. However, there is no specific predictor at early stages for later invasive and metastatic clinical outcome of patients with type B tumors.METHODSThe study included 1) glycosphingolipid (GSL) composition of type A and B tumors; 2) histologic and immunohistologic patterns of nodular (type B) bladder carcinoma from 44 patients based on a special sampling procedure termed whole‐layer core biopsy (WLCB) using the antisialosyl‐Lex (anti‐SLex; SLex: NeuAcα3Galβ4[Fucα3]GlcNAcβ3Galβ4GlcCer) SNH3 antibody or other antibodies; 3) comparison of the incidence of metastasis in patients with SNH3 positive versus SNH3 negative primary tumors and of 5‐year survival curves; 4) comparison of bladder carcinoma cell lines from tumors with high versus low malignancy in terms of expression patterns of SLex, SLea, and other carbohydrates, E‐selectin dependent adhesion, and transcript levels of five fucosyltransferases.RESULTSAnti‐SLex monoclonal antibody (mAb) SNH3 staining of WLCB samples from 44 type B tumors showed that the majority of tumors (n = 31 patients) were SNH3 positive and the minority (n = 13 patients) were SNH3 negative. SNH3 positive patients had more lymph node or blood‐borne metastasis and lower 5‐year and 7‐year survival rates, as indicated by Kaplan–Meier curves (P = 0.001). Staining of samples with other antibodies, including FH6 and CA19‐9, was not correlated with long‐term survival. Determination of GSL composition in extracts showed that SLex ganglioside was present in all three patients with nodular tumors but absent in all three patients with papillary tumors tested. Bladder carcinoma cell lines from invasive tumors that maintained their metastatic properties were SNH3 positive, showed high levels of α1,3‐fucosyltransferase VI (FT‐VI) and FT‐VII, and displayed E‐selectin dependent adhesion. Cell lines from noninvasive tumors or normal bladder epithelia were negative for SNH3 reactivity, FT‐VI, and FT‐VII, and E‐selectin dependent adhesion.CONCLUSIONSSLex expression in primary bladder carcinoma, defined by the mAb SNH3, is a predictor of invasive and metastatic outcome. No other carbohydrate epitope examined to date has equal prognostic value. Cancer 2002;94:673–85. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10268

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Section: Results Anti-slementioning

confidence: 99%

Sialosyl‐Le^x expression defines invasive and metastatic properties of bladder carcinoma

Numahata

Satoh

Handa

et al. 2002

Cancer

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“…Before those reports, life expectancy without chemotherapy for this subset of patients was about 6 months 14,15 .…”

Section: Combination Chemotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

First- and Second-Line Therapy for Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder

2011

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but little improvement has been achieved in the outcomes of patients with advanced or metastatic disease. Almost 90% of those patients eventually succumb to their cancer.For patients who relapse after first-line chemotherapy, the prognosis is generally poor. To date, there is no real consensus on how to best treat these patients, and most of the available evidence stems from small phase ii trials that have mostly failed to show survival benefit over supportive care. The present review provides an update on the management of metastatic bc, with a focus on first-line and secondline therapies. FIRST-LINE THERAPY Single-Agent TherapySingle-agent therapy has generally failed to provide adequate results in patients with advanced bc. In a phase iii trial of patients randomized to receive either cisplatin alone or in combination [methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (mvac)], the overall response rate (or) was only 12% in the cisplatin arm, with only 4 of 122 patients (3.3%) remaining alive at 3 years of follow-up 4 . Similar results were observed in phase ii trials with carboplatin [or: 18%; median duration of survival (mds): 16 months] 5 . In a phase iii trial examining the role of lobaplatin, 2 of 17 patients (12%) achieved a partial response (pr), but the study was terminated because of high toxicity rates 6 . Other drugs investigated in phase ii trials have manifested variable activity against advanced urothelial cancer: oral piritrexim (or: 23%; mds: 22 weeks) 7 , trimetrexate (or: 17%; mds not reported) 8 , and docetaxel (or: 13%; mds: 9 months) 9 . However, some improved results were obtained with other single agents such as paclitaxel and gemcitabine 10,11 . In a phase ii trial of 26 patients with advanced bc treated with paclitaxel, the or was 42%, and the mds, 8.4 months 10 . Similarly, in a phase ii trial of gemcitabine in 40 patients, an or of 28% was reported, with a mds of 54 weeks 11 . ABSTRACTUrothelial cancer of the bladder is the 4th most common malignancy in American men and the 9th most common in women. Although it is a chemosensitive disease, advanced bladder cancer seems to have reached a plateau with regard to median survival of patients. Standard first-line therapy remains gemcitabine plus cisplatin (gc) or methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (mvac). In patients deemed unfit to receive cisplatin, gemcitabine plus carboplatin or gemcitabine plus paclitaxel can be considered. To date, no standard therapy has been established for patients who recur or are refractory to first-line therapy. Second-line vinflunine, by way of superiority over best supportive care, has shown promise in a phase iii trial. Cisplatin-based therapy (mvac or gc) can also be offered to patients previously treated with cisplatin, especially if they responded previously and are considered platinum-sensitive. Novel targeted therapies are sorely needed to further improve the delivery and efficacy of chemotherapy.

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“…Radical cystectomy is the standard treatment for operable invasive bladder cancer, and the combination of methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (MVAC) chemotherapy is the common therapeutic option for distant metastases (Dreicer, 2001;Messing, 2001). The metastatic sites of bladder cancer are lung, liver, and bone in order of preference (Babaian et al, 1980). Although bladder cancer is a chemosensitive tumour, most deaths from bladder cancer are caused by invasion and subsequent metastases that are resistant to conventional chemotherapy (Dreicer, 2001;Hussain and James, 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

A third-generation bisphosphonate, minodronic acid (YM529), successfully prevented the growth of bladder cancer in vitro and in vivo

et al. 2006

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Minodronic acid (YM529) is a third-generation bisphosphonate (BP) that has been shown to directly and indirectly prevent proliferation, induce apoptosis, and inhibit metastasis of various types of cancer cells. In this study, we have investigated the therapeutic efficacy of YM529 against bladder cancer, both in vitro and in vivo. YM529 inhibited geranylgeranylation as well as farnesylation and reduced the growth of all seven bladder cancer cell lines in a dose-and time-dependent manner in vitro. YM529 demonstrated a good synergistic or additive antiproliferative effect when administered in combination with cisplatin or paclitaxel. Immunohistochemical study revealed YM529 inhibited the prenylation of Rap1A in vivo. YM529 administered systemically did not markedly inhibit the growth of visceral metastases but it showed a significant anticancer effect on bone metastases monitored by an in vivo imaging system. Moreover, intravesical YM529 demonstrated significant growth inhibition in a bladder cancer orthotopic model. No adverse effects were associated with the systemic as well as the intravesical treatment regimens. In conclusion, our study suggests that YM529 may be a potent anticancer agent for bladder cancer. The efficacy and safety of this BP as an agent for combination chemotherapies against bladder cancer should be verified by early-phase clinical trials.

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Metastases from transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladder

Cited by 210 publications

References 10 publications

Sialosyl‐Le^x expression defines invasive and metastatic properties of bladder carcinoma

Sialosyl‐Le^x expression defines invasive and metastatic properties of bladder carcinoma

First- and Second-Line Therapy for Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder

A third-generation bisphosphonate, minodronic acid (YM529), successfully prevented the growth of bladder cancer in vitro and in vivo

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Metastases from transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladder

Cited by 210 publications

References 10 publications

Sialosyl‐Lex expression defines invasive and metastatic properties of bladder carcinoma

Sialosyl‐Lex expression defines invasive and metastatic properties of bladder carcinoma

First- and Second-Line Therapy for Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder

A third-generation bisphosphonate, minodronic acid (YM529), successfully prevented the growth of bladder cancer in vitro and in vivo

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Sialosyl‐Le^x expression defines invasive and metastatic properties of bladder carcinoma

Sialosyl‐Le^x expression defines invasive and metastatic properties of bladder carcinoma