“…This form of the post-adiabatic correction was shown to work reasonably well in simple model systems [5]. However, given the number of approximations adopted in the above derivations, it is necessary to test this result against numerically exact solutions for the same atom models used to obtain all MESA-related characteristics.…”
Section: B Further Memory-function Approximationsmentioning
confidence: 90%
“…For completeness, we begin with a recapitulation of the MESA [5]. Consider a Hamiltonian for a single-active-electron model of an atom exposed to a time-dependent electric field F (t) (optical pulse) polarized along x (in atomic units):…”
Section: Stark Resonant State Expansionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Retaining a single term in the above amounts to an adiabatic approximation in which the decay of the metastable ground state ψ 0 depends only on the instantaneous value E 0 (F (t)) [5]. Here the aim is to account for the effects related to the higherenergy Stark resonances in an approximate manner.…”
Section: Stark Resonant State Expansionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A number of approaches have been proposed, including the first-principle integration of the Maxwell and Schrödinger equations into a single simulated system [1,2], Kramers-Henneberger atoms [3], and Freeman resonances [4] to name a few. We have advanced the metastable electronic state approach (MESA) [5] for which preliminary results have been very promising in terms of both accuracy and computational economy for several model systems [6,7].…”
The goal of this paper is to elucidate the theoretical underpinnings of the metastable electronic state approach (MESA) and demonstrate its utility for the evaluation of the nonlinear optical response of noble-gas atoms with emphasis on the application of the method to the propagation of multicolor optical fields in large-scale, spatially resolved simulations. More specifically, single-active-electron models of various atoms are employed to calculate their nonlinear properties both within the adiabatic approximation, involving a single metastable state and beyond, capturing inertial effects, and wavelength-dependent ionization. Simulations for excitation pulses at different center wavelengths as well as ionization in two-color pulses are presented and compared with numerical solutions of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. Illustrative examples of the numerical simulation of high-power pulse propagation incorporating MESA data are also presented and showcase the successful application to optical filamentation in the midinfrared region.
“…This form of the post-adiabatic correction was shown to work reasonably well in simple model systems [5]. However, given the number of approximations adopted in the above derivations, it is necessary to test this result against numerically exact solutions for the same atom models used to obtain all MESA-related characteristics.…”
Section: B Further Memory-function Approximationsmentioning
confidence: 90%
“…For completeness, we begin with a recapitulation of the MESA [5]. Consider a Hamiltonian for a single-active-electron model of an atom exposed to a time-dependent electric field F (t) (optical pulse) polarized along x (in atomic units):…”
Section: Stark Resonant State Expansionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Retaining a single term in the above amounts to an adiabatic approximation in which the decay of the metastable ground state ψ 0 depends only on the instantaneous value E 0 (F (t)) [5]. Here the aim is to account for the effects related to the higherenergy Stark resonances in an approximate manner.…”
Section: Stark Resonant State Expansionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A number of approaches have been proposed, including the first-principle integration of the Maxwell and Schrödinger equations into a single simulated system [1,2], Kramers-Henneberger atoms [3], and Freeman resonances [4] to name a few. We have advanced the metastable electronic state approach (MESA) [5] for which preliminary results have been very promising in terms of both accuracy and computational economy for several model systems [6,7].…”
The goal of this paper is to elucidate the theoretical underpinnings of the metastable electronic state approach (MESA) and demonstrate its utility for the evaluation of the nonlinear optical response of noble-gas atoms with emphasis on the application of the method to the propagation of multicolor optical fields in large-scale, spatially resolved simulations. More specifically, single-active-electron models of various atoms are employed to calculate their nonlinear properties both within the adiabatic approximation, involving a single metastable state and beyond, capturing inertial effects, and wavelength-dependent ionization. Simulations for excitation pulses at different center wavelengths as well as ionization in two-color pulses are presented and compared with numerical solutions of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. Illustrative examples of the numerical simulation of high-power pulse propagation incorporating MESA data are also presented and showcase the successful application to optical filamentation in the midinfrared region.
“…The model we test here is the metastable-electronic-state approach (MESA) [13]. This method is sufficiently fast to allow spatially resolved simulation of optical pulses on scales relevant to experiments while, at the same time, drawing from first-principle calculations, it captures both the nonlinear polarization and plasma generation [14].…”
The nonlinear polarization response and plasma generation produced by intense optical pulses, modeled by the metastable-electronic-state approach, are verified against space-and-time resolved measurements with single-shot supercontinuum spectral interferometry. This first of a kind theory-experiment comparison is done in the intensity regime typical for optical filamentation, where self-focusing and plasma generation play competing roles. Excellent agreement between the theory and experiment shows that the self-focusing nonlinearity can be approximated by a single resonant state. Moreover, we demonstrate that inclusion of the post-adiabatic corrections, previously tested only in theoretic models, provides a viable description of the ionization rate in real gases.
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