Metapopulation Dynamics and the Quality of the Matrix

Abstract

In both strictly theoretical and more applied contexts it has been historically assumed that metapopulations exist within a featureless, uninhabitable matrix and that dynamics within the matrix are unimportant. In this article, we explore the range of theoretical consequences that result from relaxing this assumption. We show, with a variety of modeling techniques, that matrix quality can be extremely important in determining metapopulation dynamics. A higher-quality matrix generally buffers against extinction. However, in some situations, an increase in matrix quality can generate chaotic subpopulation dynamics, where stability had been the rule in a lower-quality matrix. Furthermore, subpopulations acting as source populations in a low-quality matrix may develop metapopulation dynamics as the quality of the matrix increases. By forcing metapopulation dynamics on a formerly heterogeneous (but stable within subpopulations) population, the probability of simultaneous extinction of all subpopulations actually increases. Thus, it cannot be automatically assumed that increasing matrix quality will lower the probability of global extinction of a population.

The effect of an agro-pasture landscape on diversity and migration patterns of frugivorous butterflies in Chiapas, Mexico

“…Finally, our results show that an agricultural matrix that combines elements from traditional management (such as tree fallows, Acacia woodlots and live fences) has allowed the conservation of a rich biodiversity in the landscape (see León-Cortés et al 2004;Pinkus-Rendón et al 2006 for other taxa surveys in the same area). However, during recent years production policy has focused on the agricultural intensification of these lands, a shift that will have predictably negative effects on the quality of the matrix and on the persistence of species inhabiting forest fragments eventually (Vandermeer and Carvajal 2001;Perfecto et al 2003).…”

Plantation vs. natural forest: Matrix quality determines pollinator abundance in crop fields

“…In terrestrial ecosystems, ecological processes and patterns within focal patches frequently depend on their dominant matrix123. Crop fields (focal patches) are often surrounded by a mosaic of other land use types (matrix), which may act as habitats for organisms and differ in terms of the immigration activities of organisms to the fields4.…”

Effects of within-patch heterogeneity on connectivity in pond-breeding amphibians studied by means of an individual-based model

“…Bender and Fahrig, 2005;Chin and Taylor, 2009;Gustafson and Gardner, 1996;Haynes and Cronin, 2006;Prevedello and Vieira, 2010;Ricketts, 2001;Vandermeer and Carvajal, 2001;Watling et al, 2011). Similar effects may be found within heterogeneous habitat patches, such as those of pond-breeding amphibians.…”