Metaphyseal osteopathy in three<scp>A</scp>ustralian<scp>K</scp>elpie siblings

Greenwell, C. M.; Brain, PH; Dunn, AL

doi:10.1111/avj.12162

Cited by 8 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In this population of dogs, there appeared to be limited benefit of CT scan compared with radiography for diagnosing metaphyseal osteopathy and concurrent conditions. Lesions commonly were found in long bones and less frequently in other areas (rib, vertebra, mandible, metacarpals, metatarsals); this was in keeping with previous reports (Abeles et al 1999, Franklin et al 2008, Joiner & Montgomery 2011, Greenwell et al 2014. The lesions associated with metaphyseal osteopathy are thought to represent a spectrum of disease, with dogs initially developing soft tissue swelling and a radiolucent line parallel to the metaphysis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Entire litters and closely related Weimaraners have been affected, supportive of heritability in this breed (Woodard 1982, Abeles et al 1999, Harrus et al 2002, Safra et al 2013. This has also been reported in Australian Kelpie littermates (Greenwell et al 2014). Recently, it has been proposed that metaphyseal osteopathy is an immune-mediated disease as affected dogs have a cytokine profile similar to that of children with autoinflammatory bone conditions (Safra et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Chronic recurrent multi-focal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is thought to be heritable, with several forms of the disease found to have a genetic molecular basis (Safra et al 2016, Hoffman et al 2017. Entire litters and closely related Weimaraners and Australian kelpie dogs have been affected by metaphyseal osteopathy, suggesting that it may be heritable (Woodard 1982, Abeles et al 1999, Harrus et al 2002, Safra et al 2013, Greenwell et al 2014. Within our study Border collies, Weimaraners and Labrador retrievers were common.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

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Presenting signs and clinical outcome in dogs with metaphyseal osteopathy: 39 cases (2009–2018)

Robertson

Black

Villedieu

et al. 2022

J of Small Animal Practice

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To describe the presenting signs, concurrent conditions, treatment and outcome of dogs with metaphyseal osteopathy.Materials and MethOds: Multi-centre retrospective review of medical records from January 2009 to September 2018 at four referral centres to identify dogs with a radiographic diagnosis of metaphyseal osteopathy.results: Thirty-nine dogs were identified. The median age at onset was 14 weeks old (range, 8 to 32 weeks old). There was a higher proportion of male dogs (29 of 39 male entire, nine of 39 female entire, one of 39 female neutered and no male neutered dogs). Where information was available, median time from the most recent vaccination was 20 days (range, 2 to 144 days). The most commonly recorded clinical signs were pyrexia (34 of 39), lethargy (32 of 39), pain (30 of 39), and being non-ambulatory (17 of 39). Thirty-five dogs required hospitalisation for analgesia and supportive care, 19 of 39 were discharged on prednisolone (median dose 2.0 mg/kg/day; range, 0.9 to 2.6 mg/kg/day), 18 of 39 were discharged on non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, two of 39 did not receive NSAIDs or prednisolone at any time point. The median duration of hospitalisation for those admitted was 5 days (range, 1 to 21 days). Where follow-up was available, relapse occurred in eight of 25 cases before reaching skeletal maturity. At the time of metaphyseal osteopathy diagnosis, five of 39 cases had concurrent conditions.Where follow-up was available, four of 25 developed future immune-mediated conditions. clinical significance: Metaphyseal osteopathy should be considered in non-ambulatory painful young dogs. Some dogs developed future immune-mediated conditions, which may support the hypothesis that metaphyseal osteopathy is an autoinflammatory bone disorder. Further studies with a larger cohort are required to determine the clinical significance of this.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

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Presenting signs and clinical outcome in dogs with metaphyseal osteopathy: 39 cases (2009–2018)

Robertson

Black

Villedieu

et al. 2022

J of Small Animal Practice

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“…A hereditary component for MO is evidenced by predisposition of specific breeds such as Great Danes, Boxers, German Shepherd Dogs, Irish Setters, and Weimaraners (Harrus et al, 2002; Miller, 2001; Munjar et al, 1998). MO in litter-mates and closely related dogs has been reported for Weimaraners (Abeles et al, 1999; Safra et al, 2012), Australian Kelpies (Greenwell et al, 2014) and Irish Setters (Brown, 2007). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Serum levels of innate immunity cytokines are elevated in dogs with metaphyseal osteopathy (hypertrophic osteodytrophy) during active disease and remission

Safra

Hitchens

Maverakis

et al. 2016

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

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Metaphyseal osteopathy (MO) (hypertrophic osteodystrophy) is a developmental disorder of unexplained etiology affecting dogs during rapid growth. Affected dogs experience relapsing episodes of lytic/sclerotic metaphyseal lesions and systemic inflammation. MO is rare in the general dog population; however, some breeds (Weimaraner, Great Dane and Irish Setter) have a much higher incidence, supporting a hereditary etiology. Autoinflammatory childhood disorders of parallel presentation such as chronic recurrent multi-focal osteomyelitis (CRMO), and deficiency of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (DIRA), involve impaired innate immunity pathways and aberrant cytokine production. Given the similarities between these diseases, we hypothesize that MO is an autoinflammatory disease mediated by cytokines involved in innate immunity. To characterize immune dysregulation in MO dogs we measured serum levels of inflammatory markers in 26 MO and 102 control dogs. MO dogs had significantly higher levels (pg/ml) of serum Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), IL-18, IL-6, Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and IL-10. Notably, recovered MO dogs were not different from dogs during active MO disease, providing a suggestive mechanism for disease predisposition. This is the first documentation of elevated immune markers in MO dogs, uncovering an immune profile similar to comparable autoinflammatory disorders in children.

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“…Other reported symptoms include lethargy, gastrointestinal dysfunction, ocular or nasal discharge, dermatological lesions, mandibular pain, vulvovaginitis, and enamel hypoplasia. [3][4][5][6][7][8] Supportive radiographic changes include increased radiolucency in the metaphyseal regions of long bones ("double physeal line"), metaphyseal sclerosis, and physeal widening. 1,9 A diagnosis of HOD is typically based on compatible signalment, physical exam, and radiographic findings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refractory shock, hypercoagulability, and multiorgan thrombosis associated with hypertrophic osteodystrophy in a dog

Perry

Enders

Watanabe

2023

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

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Objective To describe the clinical findings and case progression in a dog presenting with severe systemic inflammatory response, refractory shock, progressive metabolic acidosis, and respiratory failure that was ultimately diagnosed with hypertrophic osteodystrophy (HOD). Case Summary A 4‐month‐old male intact Mastiff presented with a 24‐hour history of lethargy and generalized ostealgia. On examination, the dog was recumbent, febrile, and tachycardic with pain on palpation of the abdomen, right femur, and mandible. Appendicular joint radiographs showed changes consistent with osteochondrosis and ulnar‐retained cartilaginous cores, with no overt evidence of HOD. Initial treatment included IV fluid therapy, multimodal analgesia, and broad‐spectrum antimicrobials. Vasopressor therapy was initiated following hemodynamic decompensation. Synovial fluid cytological analysis and culture revealed nonseptic suppurative inflammation and no bacterial growth, respectively. Blood and urine cultures also yielded no growth. Viscoelastic testing was consistent with hypercoagulability. The dog initially had a metabolic acidosis with appropriate respiratory compensation that progressed to a mixed metabolic and respiratory acidosis despite aggressive therapies that included antimicrobials, vasopressors, positive inotropes, and corticosteroids. Humane euthanasia was elected approximately 32 hours after admission. Necropsy yielded a diagnosis of HOD. New or Unique Information Provided This is the first report detailing the occurrence of refractory shock and hypercoagulability associated with HOD in a dog without evidence of another identified comorbidity. HOD should be considered in any young, large‐breed dog with generalized ostealgia and signs of systemic illness, even in the absence of classic radiographic abnormalities. Further investigation of coagulation status in dogs with HOD and a secondary systemic inflammatory response is warranted.

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Metaphyseal osteopathy in threeAustralianKelpie siblings

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Presenting signs and clinical outcome in dogs with metaphyseal osteopathy: 39 cases (2009–2018)

Presenting signs and clinical outcome in dogs with metaphyseal osteopathy: 39 cases (2009–2018)

Serum levels of innate immunity cytokines are elevated in dogs with metaphyseal osteopathy (hypertrophic osteodytrophy) during active disease and remission

Refractory shock, hypercoagulability, and multiorgan thrombosis associated with hypertrophic osteodystrophy in a dog

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