“…For instance, Whitehead and Corbin (1991), using a shuttle-run task similar to the one used in the present research, showed that strong positive versus strong negative feedback (i.e., informing performers that they were ranked either in the 80th or the 20th percentile, respectively) positively affected intrinsic motivation through perceptions of competence. Several other field studies using tasks as diverse as running over hurdles (Escarti & Guzman, 1999), throwing darts (Bindarwish & Tenenbaum, 2006), running (Gernigon, & Delloye, 2003), and shooting using guns or using computers (Gernigon, Fleurance, & Reine 2000) and employing as diverse samples as cricket athletes (Woodcock & Corbin, 1992) and running athletes (Gernigon, & Delloye, 2003) have replicated this pattern of results. The findings concerning the effect of positive feedback on actual performance are less consistent.…”