Metamorphosis of Domestic Waste to an Active Skincare Product

Ugale, Chetna

doi:10.1007/s40009-022-01135-5

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…The measurements were calculated on the basis of a procedure developed by Stable Micro Systems: ' Measuring bi-directional friction properties of materials using the Horizontal Friction System ' . The measurement method was developed in compliance with the modified ASTM Standard Method D1894 18 . Dynamic friction and friction work during dynamic friction for a movement in a single direction were measured using this approach 17 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of physical parameters and spectral characterization of the quality of soaps containing by-products from the food industry

Łusiak,

Różyło,

Mazur

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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The present study investigated several properties such as friction, hardness, penetration work, and cutting forces in soaps formulated with apple and carrot pomace at varying concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15%. To gain insights into the molecular-level alterations within the formulated soap samples, they were spectroscopically analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The sliding friction analyses revealed that the investigated extrudate additives had no significant impact on the frictional forces of the soaps. However, notable differences were observed in the cutting force, hardness, and penetration work between the control and pomace-added samples. Excluding the control samples, no statistically significant distinctions were found between the cutting force, hardness, and work of penetration of soaps containing apple pomace and carrot pomace. Moreover, the quantity of pomace incorporated did not induce any significant variations in the results. The obtained samples were characterised at the molecular level using FTIR Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. On the other hand, alterations in band intensities suggested improved molecular packing of the compounds within the samples due to the presence of the additives.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%