“…In surrogateassisted evolutionary algorithms, surrogate models are employed to replace in part the time-consuming exact function evaluations for saving computational cost because the computational effort required to build and use surrogates is usually much lower than that for expensive fitness evaluations [17], [18]. The most commonly used surrogate models include polynomial regression (PR) [19], also known as response surface methodology [19], support vector machines (SVMs) [20], [21], [22], artificial neural networks (ANNs) [12], [23], [24], radial basis function (RBF) networks [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], and Gaussian Processes (GPs), also referred as to Kriging or design and analysis of computer experiment models [26], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34]. The surrogate-assisted metaheuristic algorithms reported in the literature can be largely classified into the following categories:…”