Metamaterials and Metasurfaces—Historical Context, Recent Advances, and Future Directions

Iyer, Ashwin K.; Alù, Andrea; Epstein, Ariel

doi:10.1109/tap.2020.2969732

Cited by 78 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Optically dense, intelligently designed structures composed of electromagnetically small nanoelements periodically or quasiperiodically arranged on a metal or dielectric substrate with subwavelength relative distances have been conventionally called metasurfaces. [ 8,157–163 ] Investigation of these flat materials takes its origin in the area of metamaterials, which is a more general concept of artificial bulk media, allowing tailoring optical, coustical, or mechanical properties on demand. [ 164 ] Metamaterials' appearance has also allowed revisiting the fundamental concepts of wave physics, which resulted in an appearance of astounding novel effects, for example, negative refraction, backward waves, surpassing the diffraction limit for subwavelength imaging.…”

Section: Advanced Nonreciprocal Materials: Wss Metamaterials Magnetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Up‐And‐Coming Advances in Optical and Microwave Nonreciprocity: From Classical to Quantum Realm

Kutsaev

Krasnok

Romanenko

et al. 2021

Advanced Photonics Research

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Reciprocity is a fundamental physical principle that roots in the time‐reversal symmetry of physical laws. It allows making predictions on any arbitrary complex system's response and operation and hence simplifies the analysis. However, there are many practical situations in which it is advantageous to break reciprocity, e.g., isolators preventing wave scattering back to lasers and generators, full‐duplex systems for multiplexing transmission and receiving in the same channel, nonreciprocal cavity excitation, and protection of fragile states of superconductor quantum computers from thermal noise. The most widespread approach to time‐reversal symmetry breaking and nonreciprocity based on magnetic field biasing suffers from bulkiness, cost ineffectiveness, and loss, motivating researchers and engineers to search for more practical approaches. Herein, the up‐and‐coming advances in optical nonreciprocity, including new materials (Weyl semimetals, topological insulators, metasurfaces), active structures, time‐modulation, parity‐time (PT)‐symmetry breaking, nonlinearity combined with a structural asymmetry, quantum nonlinearity, unidirectional gain and loss, chiral quantum states and valley polarization are overviewed. A general description of nonreciprocal systems is provided and the pros and cons of the mentioned approaches to nonreciprocity are discussed.

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Section: Advanced Nonreciprocal Materials: Wss Metamaterials Magnetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Up‐And‐Coming Advances in Optical and Microwave Nonreciprocity: From Classical to Quantum Realm

Kutsaev

Krasnok

Romanenko

et al. 2021

Advanced Photonics Research

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“…A common strategy is to arrange several antenna submodules into a quasi‐fan shape to extend their scanning angle, [ 1 ] which however requires a complicated fabrication and suffers from low figure of merits due to the inter‐plate interference and spatial polarization disorder. In the past decade, we have witnessed explosive study on metasurfaces for offering on‐demand EM wave control in R or T half‐space engineering [ 2–8 ] Unfortunately, very limited attempts were devoted to functional metasurfaces for control of radiations [ 9 ] or scatterings [ 10–14 ] in simultaneous R and T geometry (more specifically, direction multiplexing). This is because T–R grouped strategy via an ultrathin flat device imposes great complexity and difficulty in design and implementation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spin‐Encoded Wavelength‐Direction Multitasking Janus Metasurfaces

Wang

et al. 2021

Advanced Optical Materials

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The fruitful progress toward light manipulation in reflective (R) or transmissive (T) geometry (half‐space) has facilitated strong aspiration towards full‐space wave control. Although R–T synergistic strategy promises large‐capacity and integrated functionality, it imposes difficulty and challenges for direction of arrival (DoA) in full space via an ultrathin flat device. As of today, very limited demonstrations are reported for single‐wavelength and linear‐polarization operation in full space, significantly limiting the exploitable degrees of freedom (DoFs) for real‐world applications. Herein, a triple‐layer wavelength‐direction multitasking scheme for wide‐angle and large‐capacity DoA is reported, which is pivotal for blind‐free radar detection. By engineering two anisotropic sub‐meta‐atoms with high quality factor and simultaneous in‐plane and out‐of‐plane symmetry breaking, four R and two T spin‐conversion channels are achieved in wide‐angle operation with high efficiency and insulation. Above features and released DoFs would be extraordinarily beneficial for large‐capability and angle‐engineered advanced applications. Two proof‐of‐concept metadevices, i.e., a large‐scanning kaleidoscopic‐beam generator and a wide‐angle reverser for multi‐target tracking, are devised to verify the significance. Numerical and experimental results show predesigned functions at six channels with measured efficiency over 75%. The findings in achieving multi‐DoF multitasking can stimulate great interest in radar applications with versatile forming beams and multi‐channel integration.

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“…Fortunately, the invention of metasurfaces affords us a great degree of freedom (DoF) in controlling the local amplitude, phase, and polarization of a scattering EM wave, leading to many fascinating applications [ 11 – 20 ]. The significant advances in metasurfaces also render a great success in carpet cloak [ 21 – 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deterministic Approach to Achieve Full-Polarization Cloak

Wang

et al. 2021

Research

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Achieving full-polarization (σ) invisibility on an arbitrary three-dimensional (3D) platform is a long-held knotty issue yet extremely promising in real-world stealth applications. However, state-of-the-art invisibility cloaks typically work under a specific polarization because the anisotropy and orientation-selective resonant nature of artificial materials made the σ-immune operation elusive and terribly challenging. Here, we report a deterministic approach to engineer a metasurface skin cloak working under an arbitrary polarization state by theoretically synergizing two cloaking phase patterns required, respectively, at spin-up (σ+) and spin-down (σ−) states. Therein, the wavefront of any light impinging on the cloak can be well preserved since it is a superposition of σ+ and σ− wave. To demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability, several proof-of-concept metasurface cloaks are designed to wrap over a 3D triangle platform at microwave frequency. Results show that our cloaks are essentially capable of restoring the amplitude and phase of reflected beams as if light was incident on a flat mirror or an arbitrarily predesigned shape under full polarization states with a desirable bandwidth of ~17.9%, conceiving or deceiving an arbitrary object placed inside. Our approach, deterministic and robust in terms of accurate theoretical design, reconciles the milestone dilemma in stealth discipline and opens up an avenue for the extreme capability of ultrathin 3D cloaking of an arbitrary shape, paving up the road for real-world applications.

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Metamaterials and Metasurfaces—Historical Context, Recent Advances, and Future Directions

Cited by 78 publications

References 75 publications

Up‐And‐Coming Advances in Optical and Microwave Nonreciprocity: From Classical to Quantum Realm

Up‐And‐Coming Advances in Optical and Microwave Nonreciprocity: From Classical to Quantum Realm

Spin‐Encoded Wavelength‐Direction Multitasking Janus Metasurfaces

Deterministic Approach to Achieve Full-Polarization Cloak

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