Metamaterial Mechanisms

Ion, Alexandra; Frohnhofen, Johannes; Wall, Ludwig; Kovács, Róbert; Alistar, Mirela; Lindsay, Jack; Lopes, Pedro; Chen, Hsiang-Ting; Baudisch, Patrick

doi:10.1145/2984511.2984540

Cited by 149 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Design tools enable a high-level digital design process that abstracts from low-level fabrication parameters. Tools have been contributed for various application areas: designing ob jects with desired haptic properties [50], designing mecha nisms [13], designing electronics circuits [39], or designing interactive 3D objects [25,32,34,44,43,45]. While several approaches support designing custom touch sensors [25,32,34,45], the design of tactile output has so far been limited to low resolution, e.g.…”

Section: Design Tools and Interactive Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tactlets

Groeger

Feick

Withana

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the 32nd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology

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edge slider buttons Tactlet library real-time control a b c d Figure 1. Tactlets is a novel approach enabling digital design and rapid printing of custom, high-resolution controls for tactile output with integrated touch sensing on interactive objects. (a) A design tool allows a designer to add Tactlet controls from a library and customize them for 3D object geometries. The designer can then fabricate a functional prototype using conductive inkjet printing (b) or 3D printing (c), and explore the interactive behavior of the Tactlet control. (d) This approach allows for rapid design iterations to prototype tactile input and output on a variety of objects. ABSTRACTRapid prototyping of haptic output on 3D objects promises to enable a more widespread use of the tactile channel for ubiqui tous, tangible, and wearable computing. Existing prototyping approaches, however, have limited tactile output capabilities, require advanced skills for design and fabrication, or are in compatible with curved object geometries. In this paper, we present a novel digital fabrication approach for printing cus tom, high-resolution controls for electro-tactile output with integrated touch sensing on interactive objects. It supports curved geometries of everyday objects. We contribute a de sign tool for modeling, testing, and refining tactile input and output at a high level of abstraction, based on parameterized electro-tactile controls. We further contribute an inventory of 10 parametric Tactlet controls that integrate sensing of user input with real-time electro-tactile feedback. We present two approaches for printing Tactlets on 3D objects, using conduc tive inkjet printing or FDM 3D printing. Empirical results from a psychophysical study and findings from two practi cal application cases confirm the functionality and practical feasibility of the Tactlets approach.•Human-centered computing → Human computer inter action (HCI); Haptic devices; Interactive systems and tools; Interface design prototyping;Digital fabrication has been proposed as a new method for rapid prototyping of interactive devices [10,25,34,32,44]. By printing the custom device, rather than manually assembling it from conventional electronic components, the fabrication process can be considerably simplified and sped up. At the same time, as printable electronics commonly are very thin and deformable, more demanding geometries and advanced I/O capabilities can be realized. Prior work has demonstrated ap proaches based on printed electronics to equip custom-shaped 3D objects with various types of printed sensors for capturing user input [11,34,44,45,54] and printable output compo nents, including light-emitting displays [35,54] and actuators for shape-change [7,57].However, tactile output was so far left unaddressed. Fab ricating custom interactive objects that include computercontrolled tactile output still relies on manually assembling conventional components [15,36]. Moreover, the rather large

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Section: Design Tools and Interactive Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tactlets

Groeger

Feick

Withana

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the 32nd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology

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“…With recent advances in 3D printing, the potential exists to more readily fabricate cellular designs to introduce shape-changing functionality, particularly in the case of 3D re-entrant structures [118,149,153,260]. For example, Theodoros et al [235] 3D printed an auxetic structure that could be pneumatically actuated to achieve a change in curvature, and in [99] the authors 3D printed a metamaterial door latch from a single block of NinjaFlex (a flexible TPU filament) that enabled rotary movement of the handle to be transformed into linear motion of the latch. Although the modelling of the precise deformation of these structures may be complex, the lack of awareness of auxetics as a means for shape-change is likely to be the main reason for the scarcity in HCI literature.…”

Section: Auxetic Materials Within Hcimentioning

confidence: 99%

HCI meets Material Science

Qamar

Groh

Holman

et al. 2018

Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

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“…If the applied strain is higher, the state of the material is changed from one configuration to another and the mechanical properties are thus changed accordingly. Scaling the unit cells in a metamaterial matrix fashion with local variations would allow such Boolean evaluations to be built into decision trees with nested functions, similar to other works . This top‐down hierarchical approach stressing functional integration via mechanisms fits with the present state‐of‐the‐art, which will be necessary for the field to develop designer tools for wide‐scale application.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

A Hierarchical Programmable Mechanical Metamaterial Unit Cell Showing Metastable Shape Memory

2018

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Hierarchically structuring materials open the door to a wide range of unexpected and uniquely designed properties. This work presents a novel mechanical metamaterial unit cell with strain-dependent solid-solid phase changes resultant from hierarchically structured "mechanisms" built into an auxetic unit cell, and further presents a realization of this kind. The interaction of auxetic structure and mechanism allows stable or metastable elastic energy states to be reached as a result of mechanical deformation. The result is a principally elastic analog to a shape memory material with a functional dependency on its negative Poisson's ratio. Prototypes are additively manufactured using direct laser writing, and are subsequently subjected to uniaxial compression with a customized micromechanical test set up. Experimental results depict reversible states initially triggered by deformation; the unit cell is a building block for a programmable material with a nonlinear "if. . . then. . ." relationship. Implementing interior mechanisms as a hierarchical level unlocks new directions for mechanical metamaterials research, and the authors see potential impacts or applications in multi-scale modeling, medicine, micro-actuation and -gripping, programmable matter/materials.

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Metamaterial Mechanisms

Cited by 149 publications

References 31 publications

Tactlets

Tactlets

HCI meets Material Science

A Hierarchical Programmable Mechanical Metamaterial Unit Cell Showing Metastable Shape Memory

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