Metamaterial Behavior of Polymer Nanocomposites Based on Polypropylene/Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Fabricated by Means of Ultrasound-Assisted Extrusion

Pérez-Medina, Juan C.; Waldo-Mendoza, Miguel A.; Crúz-Delgado, Víctor J.; Quiñones-Jurado, Zoe V.; González‐Morones, Pablo; Ziolo, Ronald F.; Martínez‐Colunga, Juan Guillermo; Soriano‐Corral, Florentino; Ávila‐Orta, Carlos A.

doi:10.3390/ma9110923

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Nevertheless, MWCNTs diameter is ca. 50 nm as reported previously [14,15]. Thus, the increase of diameter was associated with iPP wrapping onto the MWCNT surface.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Transparent Low Electrostatic Charge Films Based on Carbon Nanotubes and Polypropylene. Homopolymer Cast Films

Quiñones-Jurado¹,

Waldo-Mendoza²,

Mata-Padilla³

et al. 2018

Polymers

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Use of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in external layers (A-layers) of ABA-trilayer polypropylene films was investigated, with the purpose of determining intrinsic and extrinsic factors that could lead to antistatic behavior of transparent films. The incorporation of 0.01, 0.1, and 1 wt % of MWCTNs in the A-layers was done by dilution through the masterbatch method. Masterbatches were fabricated using isotactic polypropylene (iPP) with different melt flow indexes 2.5, 34, and 1200 g/10 min, and using different ultrasound assist methods. It was found that films containing MWCNTs show surface electrical resistivity of 1012 and 1016 Ω/sq, regardless of the iPP melt flow index (MFI) and masterbatch fabrication method. However, electrostatic charge was found to depend upon the iPP MFI, the ultrasound assist method and MWCNT concentration. A percolation electron transport mechanism was determined most likely responsible for this behavior. Optical properties for films containing MWCNTs do not show significant differences compared to the reference film at MWCNT concentrations below 0.1 wt %. However, an enhancement in brightness was observed, and it was attributed to ordered iPP molecules wrapping the MWCNTs. Bright transparent films with low electrostatic charge were obtained even for MWCNTs concentrations as low as 0.01 wt %.

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“…Nevertheless, MWCNTs diameter is ca. 50 nm as reported previously [14,15]. Thus, the increase of diameter was associated with iPP wrapping onto the MWCNT surface.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Transparent Low Electrostatic Charge Films Based on Carbon Nanotubes and Polypropylene. Homopolymer Cast Films

Quiñones-Jurado¹,

Waldo-Mendoza²,

Mata-Padilla³

et al. 2018

Polymers

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“…For example, as to the size of agglomerates, the smallest value was found using PP of MFI = 2.5 using variable ultrasound frequency in processing; in this sample, it was found a lower surface/agglomerate ratio and a higher value of electrical charge (1040 V) [51]. A similar study showed that the electrical properties in nanocomposites of PP/ MWCNT with different values of MFI of the polymer matrix depend on the methods used in the ultrasound-assisted extrusion because the ultrasound waves decrease the agglomerates of nanotubes producing conductive materials and static dissipators with a negative dielectric constant [66].…”

Section: Polymer Nanocomposite Focus Of the Study Property Improvemensupporting

confidence: 58%

Ultrasound-Assisted Melt Extrusion of Polymer Nanocomposites

Ávila‐Orta¹,

González‐Morones²,

Valdez³

et al. 2019

Nanocomposites - Recent Evolutions

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A review of the latest developments in ultrasound-assisted melt extrusion of polymer nanocomposites is presented. In general, the application of ultrasound waves during melt extrusion of polymer in the presence of nanoparticles results in a more homogeneous dispersion of the nanoparticles in the polymer matrix. In spite of this, a lack of understanding in the field has hindered the development of this processing technique. Based on the analysis of literature on the field, key aspects are identified for a better understanding of the physical and chemical effects of ultrasound waves and the fabrication of polymer nanocomposites by means of melt extrusion. others [1,2]. One of the most popular methods used to prepare such materials is melt extrusion, since it is a flexible and versatile process, which does not require the use of solvents and can be scaled up at industrial level.However, even with all these advantages, the lack of homogeneous dispersion of nanoparticles in the polymer matrix is still a problem with melt extrusion. An alternative to improve the dispersion is the application of ultrasound waves during the polymer processing in the molten state, named ultrasound-assisted extrusion. The first report of the use of ultrasound coupled in extrusion was made by Isayev et al. for processing vulcanized elastomers devulcanization [3]. These authors reported that the ultrasound waves have the ability to cause an incision in the C-S and S-S bonds of the crosslinked rubber, causing the breaking of the reticulated network and thereby achieving the devulcanization of the rubber. Later, it was applied to the study of polymer mixtures in the molten state [4], and in the last decade, this technology has been used for the preparation of polymer nanocomposites. Although it has been proven that this technology improves the dispersion of nanoparticles and that it has a great potential for application, the fundamentals for applying this technology in melt extrusion process are still not well understood. For example, the effects observed by the application of ultrasound have been explained on the basis of acoustic cavitation, treating the molten polymer as a Newtonian system; however, polymer cannot be considered as Newtonian fluids. For this reason, a general overview of the basic principles of ultrasound, the development and use of this technology in the preparation of polymeric nanocomposites in the molten state, and the mechanisms that have been proposed so far for the understanding of the phenomenon that generates the dispersion of the nanoparticles in the polymer is described below. Extrusion applied in the manufacture of polymeric nanocomposites 2.1. Polymers and nanoparticlesThermoplastic polymers and nanoparticles are the main materials used to produce polymer nanocomposites by melt extrusion. Thermoplastic polymers include polyolefins, polyesters, and polyamides among other polymer families. On the other hand, the nanoparticles can be classified according to the number of dimensions in the nanometer range. Zero-dime...

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“…In addition, BaTiO 3 and Al 2 O 3 composites and devices have recently been reported as novel metamaterials [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ], which can be applied in optical cloaking [ 39 ] and biochemical sensing [ 36 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ] and detection [ 41 , 42 ], protein analysis [ 45 ], food quality analysis, and telecommunication [ 46 ], etc. They can also be used in tumor treatment, and radar cross-section reduction [ 46 , 47 ] as a therapeutic tool or a polarization conversion device due to their unique dielectric and electromagnetic properties [ 48 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Enhancement of Thermal Conductivity and Dielectric Properties in Al2O3/BaTiO3/PP Composites

Yao

Zhou

et al. 2018

Materials

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Multifunctional polymer composites with both high dielectric constants and high thermal conductivity are urgently needed by high-temperature electronic devices and modern microelectromechanical systems. However, high heat-conduction capability or dielectric properties of polymer composites all depend on high-content loading of different functional thermal-conductive or high-dielectric ceramic fillers (every filler volume fraction ≥ 50%, i.e., ffiller ≥ 50%), and an overload of various fillers (fthermal-conductive filler + fhigh-dielectric filler > 50%) will decrease the processability and mechanical properties of the composite. Herein, series of alumina/barium titanate/polypropylene (Al2O3/BT/PP) composites with high dielectric- and high thermal-conductivity properties are prepared with no more than 50% volume fraction of total ceramic fillers loading, i.e., ffillers ≤ 50%. Results showed the thermal conductivity of the Al2O3/BT/PP composite is up to 0.90 W/m·K with only 10% thermal-conductive Al2O3 filler, which is 4.5 times higher than the corresponding Al2O3/PP composites. Moreover, higher dielectric strength (Eb) is also found at the same loading, which is 1.6 times higher than PP, and the Al2O3/BT/PP composite also exhibited high dielectric constant (εr = 18 at 1000 Hz) and low dielectric loss (tan δ ≤ 0.030). These excellent performances originate from the synergistic mechanism between BaTiO3 macroparticles and Al2O3 nanoparticles.

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Metamaterial Behavior of Polymer Nanocomposites Based on Polypropylene/Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Fabricated by Means of Ultrasound-Assisted Extrusion

Cited by 10 publications

References 29 publications

Transparent Low Electrostatic Charge Films Based on Carbon Nanotubes and Polypropylene. Homopolymer Cast Films

Transparent Low Electrostatic Charge Films Based on Carbon Nanotubes and Polypropylene. Homopolymer Cast Films

Ultrasound-Assisted Melt Extrusion of Polymer Nanocomposites

Synergistic Enhancement of Thermal Conductivity and Dielectric Properties in Al2O3/BaTiO3/PP Composites

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