Metamaterial-Based Compact Antenna with Defected Ground Structure for 5G and Beyond

Abstract

In this paper, a unit cell of a single-negative metamaterial structure loaded with a meander line and defected ground structure (DGS) is investigated as the principle radiating element of an antenna. The unit cell antenna causes even or odd mode resonances similar to the unit cell structure depending on the orientation of the microstrip feed used to excite the unit cell. However, the orientation which gives low-frequency resonance is considered here. The unit cell antenna is then loaded with a meander line which is parallel to the split bearing side and connects the other two sides orthogonal to the split bearing side. This modified structure excites another mode of resonance at high frequency when a meander line defect is loaded on the metallic ground plane. Specific parameters of the meander line structure, the DGS shape, and the unit cell are optimized to place these two resonances at different frequencies with proper frequency intervals to enhance the bandwidth. Finally, the feed is placed in an offset position for better impedance matching without affecting the bandwidth The compact dimension of the antenna is 0.25 λL × 0.23 λL × 0.02 λL, where λL is the free space wavelength with respect to the center frequency of the impedance bandwidth. The proposed antenna is fabricated and measured. Experimental results reveal that the modified design gives monopole like radiation patterns which achieves a fractional operating bandwidth of 26.6%, from 3.26 to 4.26 GHz for |S11|<−10 dB and a pick gain of 1.26 dBi is realized. In addition, the simulated and measured crosspolarization levels are both less than −15 dB in the horizontal plane.

High isolation 16-port massive MIMO antenna based negative index metamaterial for 5G mm-wave applications

“…When a large number of antennas are placed in close proximity to one another, performance degradation due to insufficient isolation is the primary concern. Decoupling network 3 , 4 , defected ground structure 5 – 9 self-isolated antenna 10 and metamaterials 9 , 11 – 14 are a few of the remarkable techniques proposed by researchers to enhance isolation and produce a low-profile, highly effective antenna system. Nevertheless, due to their distinctive properties, metamaterials have attracted the interest of a large number of scientists.…”

Design and performances improvement of an UWB antenna with DGS structure using a grey wolf optimization algorithm

“…They are often used in antenna design to enhance their performance [ 14 ]. SRR and CSRR can be implemented on the ground face of the antenna as a Defected Ground Structure (DGS), which creates band-stop or band-pass characteristics in the frequency response.…”

Parametric analysis of epsilon-negative (ENG) and near zero refractive index (NZRI) characteristics of extraordinary metamaterial for 5g millimetre-wave applications

“…Millimetre-Wave transmissions bandwidth expansion is an effective technique to meet the fast increase in data speeds, specifically those in 5G devices that may reach tens of Gbps. The lack of bandwidth led to the discovery of the rich millimetre wave (mm-Wave) frequency range from 3 to 300 GHz [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. However, it is generally known that attenuation in the environment in mm-Wave bands is substantially higher than at lower radio frequencies [14][15]20], hence highly directional antennas are necessary to address the problem of high path-loss.…”

“…When many antennas are put near together, the main issue is performance reduction owing to poor isolation between the components [16,[17][18][19]. To reduce the mutual coupling of antenna arrays, several decoupling techniques have been developed such as current localization [19], defective ground structures (DGS) [9][10][11][12][13][14], parasitic disintegrating lines [18] and the utilization of EBG structures [8], are among the most important. Although the aforementioned methods are all focused on improving isolation alone, the idea of metamaterial (MTM) structures [3-12-13] has recently been widely incorporated into the design of antennas and telecommunications components in order to both improve isolation and boost the performance of the MIMO system by increasing gain and directivity.…”