Metals in Waters and Sediments of the Morrocoy National Park, Venezuela: Increased Contamination Levels of Cadmium over Time

García, Elia; Bastidas, Carolina; Cruz‐Motta, Juan J.; Farina, Oriana

doi:10.1007/s11270-010-0450-9

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…El cadmio, a diferencia del plomo, está presente en toda la costa de Venezuela, excepto en la región insular. Las found in Morrocoy National Park, in stations near the coast receiving high terrigenous influence (García et al 2011). In recent studies in Venezuela, the concentrations of lead were relatively low, which is consistent with the reduction in its use (Bone 2012).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…El plomo fue considerado el quinto metal más utilizado en todo el mundo durante el siglo XX (Cheung y Cheung 2017). En 2001 se encontraron altas concentraciones de este metal en el Parque Nacional Morrocoy, en estaciones cercanas a la costa que reciben alta influencia terrígena (García et al 2011). En estudios recientes en Venezuela, las concentraciones de plomo fueron relativamente bajas; esto es consistente con la reducción en su uso (Bone 2012).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…The cadmium concentrations reported for both IT and NI exceed the international standards established in the "Interim Sediment Quality Guidelines (ISQG) for total metals in superficial marine sediments" (ISQG: 0.7 mg•kg -1 ) and the threshold level of the probable effects on organisms (probable effect level [PEL]: 3.5 mg•kg -1 ) (CCME 2001). High cadmium concentrations have been previously reported in Venezuela for the western coast (García et al 2011), lakes in the central region (García-Miragaya and Sosa 1994), the central coast (Jaffé et al 1998), and the eastern coast (Toledo et al concentraciones de cadmio reportadas tanto para IT como para NI superan los estándares internacionales establecidos en los "Valores guías interinos de calidad de sedimentos (ISQG, por sus siglas en inglés) para metales totales en sedimentos marinos superficiales" (ISQG: 0.7 mg•kg -1 ) y el nivel umbral de efectos probables en organismos (nivel de efecto probable [PEL, por sus siglas en inglés]: 3.5 mg•kg -1 ) (CCME 2001). En Venezuela, existen reportes previos de altas concentraciones de cadmio para la costa occidental (García et al 2011), los lagos en la región central (García-Miragaya y Sosa 1994), la costa central (Jaffé et al 1998) y la costa oriental (Toledo et al 2000, Fuentes et al 2010.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

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Heavy metals in Venezuelan marine sediments: concentrations, degree of contamination, and distribution

Ramos¹,

Verde²,

García³

2021

Cienc. Mar.

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Venezuelan oil exploration and exploitation activities have been taking place since the 18th century. These long-term activities are closely related to heavy metal contamination because of the increasing input of toxic pollutants. Variations in heavy metal concentrations can cause, among other things, changes in metal distribution patterns, alterations in biogeochemical cycles, and increments in environmental and biological risks. The need for a complete baseline on heavy metal concentrations along the Venezuelan coast is critical. For this reason, we present the concentrations, distribution, and degree of contamination of 9 heavy metals (barium, mercury, copper, nickel, chromium, cadmium, zinc, lead, and vanadium) in marine sediments along the Venezuelan coast. We used the enrichment factor, the geoaccumulation index, and the mean effects range median quotients to evaluate the degree of contamination, comparing areas with and without intervention. Our results indicate that higher concentrations of these heavy metals are associated with places with greater anthropic activity, especially on the central and eastern coasts of Venezuela. Only cadmium showed extremely severe enrichment and a high degree of contamination. The biohazard potential was between 12% and 30% and was primarily associated with locations having high oil activity, which suggests that these places must be monitored, given the potential hazard they represent. This work encompasses the distribution and concentration of 9 heavy metals along the Venezuelan coast and takes relevance as a baseline for heavy metal concentrations and pollution indicators in marine sediments for Venezuela and the Caribbean.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionunclassified

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Heavy metals in Venezuelan marine sediments: concentrations, degree of contamination, and distribution

Ramos¹,

Verde²,

García³

2021

Cienc. Mar.

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“…Higher concentrations of Zn at these other areas were attributed to the influence of anthropogenic sources such as the periodic discharge of contaminated rivers ( Martínez, Rodríguez & Senior, 2002 ). In sediments collected in nearby areas with no oil refinery influence (Morrocoy National Park), concentrations of Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb were lower than those reported for Paraguaná ( Caldera, Gutiérrez & Polanco, 2005 ; García et al, 2008 ; García et al, 2011 ). Similarly, in Plataforma Deltana, an eastern region with no direct influence of oil refineries, low concentrations of Cr, Cd and Ni (i.e., 33–45, 0.60 and 19.00–34.00 mg/kg, respectively), TPH (8.70–14.10 mg/kg) and PAHs (8.90–31.30 mg/kg) were also reported ( Martín et al, 2007 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…In waters of the west coast of Península de Paraguanà, four out of the six metals examined were in higher concentrations than in the east coast of this peninsula (Pb = 0.08, Ni = 0.07, Cd = 0.007 and Cr = 0.005 mg/l, García et al, 2008 ; García et al, 2011 ). Also, all heavy metal concentrations found in this study exceeded the NOAA’s levels considered capable of affecting fauna ( Buchman, 2008 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Monitoring coastal pollution associated with the largest oil refinery complex of Venezuela

Cróquer

Bone

Bastidas

et al. 2016

PeerJ

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This study evaluated pollution levels in water and sediments of Península de Paraguaná and related these levels with benthic macrofauna along a coastal area where the largest Venezuelan oil refineries have operated over the past 60 years. For this, the concentration of heavy metals, of hydrocarbon compounds and the community structure of the macrobenthos were examined at 20 sites distributed along 40 km of coastline for six consecutive years, which included windy and calm seasons. The spatial variability of organic and inorganic compounds showed considerably high coastal pollution along the study area, across both years and seasons. The southern sites, closest to the refineries, had consistently higher concentrations of heavy metals and organic compounds in water and sediments when compared to those in the north. The benthic community was dominated by polychaetes at all sites, seasons and years, and their abundance and distribution were significantly correlated with physical and chemical characteristics of the sediments. Sites close to the oil refineries were consistently dominated by families known to tolerate xenobiotics, such as Capitellidae and Spionidae. The results from this study highlight the importance of continuing long-term environmental monitoring programs to assess the impact of effluent discharge and spill events from the oil refineries that operate in the western coast of Paraguaná, Venezuela.

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Fluctuation of Cadmium Load on a Tide‐Influenced Waterfront Lake in the Middle‐Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River

Wang

Zhou

Pang

et al. 2014

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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The Inner Lake, a typical waterfront lake located in the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River, is selected as the research area in this paper. Through field measurements and laboratory experiments, spatial distribution characteristics of the heavy metal cadmium (Cd) contents were revealed, and the release rate-flow disturbance curve in sediment of the Inner Lake was formed. The mathematical models of the migration and transformation of Cd were built and calibrated. With the models, the fluctuation characteristics of Cd pollution load were quantitatively assessed in different time scales, as in typical years (1998, 2001, and 2004) and in typical tidal cycles of dry seasons and flood seasons. The results showed that: there was a positive correlation between the release rate of Cd and flow disturbance intensity. Influenced by the hydrologic regime of the Yangtze River, the Cd pollution load was higher in high-water years than that in common-water years and low-water years, and was higher in flood seasons than that in dry seasons. Influenced by the tide of the Yangtze River, the Cd pollution load increased during ebb tide and reduced during the rising tide.

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Metals in Waters and Sediments of the Morrocoy National Park, Venezuela: Increased Contamination Levels of Cadmium over Time

Cited by 11 publications

References 36 publications

Heavy metals in Venezuelan marine sediments: concentrations, degree of contamination, and distribution

Heavy metals in Venezuelan marine sediments: concentrations, degree of contamination, and distribution

Monitoring coastal pollution associated with the largest oil refinery complex of Venezuela

Fluctuation of Cadmium Load on a Tide‐Influenced Waterfront Lake in the Middle‐Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River

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