Metals and Motor Neuron Disease

Roos, Per M.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-804562-6.00010-5

Cited by 8 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…This fact linked with the unknown etiology of ALS leads researchers to speculate a relationship between the environment and its onset, including heavy metals. Exposure to heavy metals has been associated with the pathogenesis of ALS for over 150 years when heavy metals were detected in the tissues of patients with motor neuron diseases (MND) [40]. In Spain and France, three interesting studies have been carried out in the last 10 years to identify a relationship between exposure to environmental factors including heavy metals such as Cd and the onset of neurodegenerative diseases [39,41,42].…”

Section: Epidemiological Studies On Cadmium Exposure In Als Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and cadmium

et al. 2020

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The present review represents an update about the knowledge of the possible role of Cadmium (Cd) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) initiation and its progression. ALS is a neurodegenerative disease that occurs in adulthood; its etiology is unknown and leads to death within a few years from its appearance. Among the various possible causes that can favor the development of the disease, heavy metals cannot be excluded. Cadmium is a heavy metal that does not play a biological role, but its neurotoxicity is well known. Numerous in vitro studies on cell and animal models confirm the toxicity of the metal on the nervous system, but these data are not accompanied by an epidemiological evidence, and, thus, an unclear correlation between Cd and the onset of the disease can be pointed out. On the other hand, a possible multifactorial and synergic mechanism in which Cd may have a role can explain the ALS onset. More efforts in new clinical, biochemical, and epidemiological studies are necessary to better elucidate the involvement of Cd in this lethal disease.

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Section: Epidemiological Studies On Cadmium Exposure In Als Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and cadmium

et al. 2020

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“…Much research supports the notion of heavy metals being harmful to health, with effects varying according to dose, duration, exposure conditions, bioavailability, and chemical species [ 11 , 30 ]. Despite different studies attempting to rank the health effects of specific heavy metals, a consensus has not been obtained.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heavy metals included in this study were: arsenic, cadmium, copper, chromium, mercury, lead, and zinc. These heavy metals were selected because there are several studies linking them to MND symptoms and development [ 11 ]. We geocoded the sites that released heavy metal emissions into the rivers during the mentioned period.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous studies have examined the effects that metals have in neurodegenerative diseases, focusing especially on the role of heavy metals in health [ 9 , 10 ]. Heavy metal exposure has been associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathogenesis for more than 150 years, especially since heavy metals were found in tissues and fluids from MND patients [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geographic Analysis of Motor Neuron Disease Mortality and Heavy Metals Released to Rivers in Spain

Sánchez-Díaz

Escobar

Badland

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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The etiology of motor neuron disease (MND) is still unknown. The aims of this study were to: (1) analyze MND mortality at a fine-grained level; and (2) explore associations of MND and heavy metals released into Spanish river basins. MND deaths were extracted from the Spanish nationwide mortality registry (2007–2016). Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for MND were estimated at a municipal level. Sites that emitted quantities of heavy metals above the regulatory thresholds were obtained from the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register database (2007–2015). The relative risks for non-exposed and exposed municipalities (considering a downstream 20 km river section) by type of heavy metal were analyzed using a log-linear model. SMRs were significantly higher in central and northern municipalities. SMRs were 1.14 (1.10–1.17) higher in areas exposed to heavy metals than in non-exposed areas: 0.95 (0.92–0.96). Considering the different metals, we found the following increased MND death risks in exposed areas: 20.9% higher risk for lead, 20.0% for zinc, 16.7% for arsenic, 15.7% for chromium, 15.4% for cadmium, 12.7% for copper, and 12.4% for mercury. This study provides associations between MND death risk and heavy metals in exposed municipalities. Further studies investigating heavy metal exposure are needed to progress in MND understanding.

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“…Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects the nervous system, leading to the degeneration of the spinal cord, that results in muscle weakness and atrophy, and respiratory failure. Unfortunately, with no effective cure available, ALS is fatal [ 139 ]. Evidence has clearly demonstrated that mutations to the gene encoding for superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) are associated with a subset of ALS [ 140 ].…”

Section: Anti-neurodegenerative Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ebselen and Analogues: Pharmacological Properties and Synthetic Strategies for Their Preparation

2021

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Ebselen is the leader of selenorganic compounds, and starting from its identification as mimetic of the key antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase, several papers have appeared in literature claiming its biological activities. It was the subject of several clinical trials and it is currently in clinical evaluation for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Given our interest in the synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of selenorganic derivatives with this review, we aimed to collect all the papers focused on the biological evaluation of ebselen and its close analogues, covering the timeline between 2016 and most of 2021. Our analysis evidences that, even if it lacks specificity when tested in vitro, being able to bind to every reactive cysteine, it proved to be always well tolerated in vivo, exerting no sign of toxicity whatever the administered doses. Besides, looking at the literature, we realized that no review article dealing with the synthetic approaches for the construction of the benzo[d][1,2]-selenazol-3(2H)-one scaffold is available; thus, a section of the present review article is completely devoted to this specific topic.

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Metals and Motor Neuron Disease

Cited by 8 publications

References 119 publications

An overview on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and cadmium

An overview on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and cadmium

Geographic Analysis of Motor Neuron Disease Mortality and Heavy Metals Released to Rivers in Spain

Ebselen and Analogues: Pharmacological Properties and Synthetic Strategies for Their Preparation

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