Metals and metalloids in fruits of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) and their cultivation soils in the Basque Country: Concentrations and accumulation trends

Main and Trace Element Contents of Tomatoes Grown in Austria

“…Beneath varieties and substrates used, climatic and growth conditions seem to be of great influence which will be pointed out in the subsequent review. Concentration levels encountered within this work (Table 1) were similar to those reported from hydroponic cultures in Germany and Denmark [11], whereas concentration levels found in tomatoes from the Mediterranean (Spain [12], Turkey [13]) or South America [14] were much higher, particulary for Cd, Al and Fe. From Thailand, however, even lower levels have been reported [15].…”

“…Some significant binary correlations between Cr-V (0.99), Cr-Fe (0.86), V-Fe (0.86), Fe-Mn (0.69) and Fe-Al (0.58) were found. This could be due to geogenic effects, but also to soil contaminations [12]. There was no evidence, however, between quasi-total metal contents in the top soils (0-25 cm) and the contents in the fruits, except for Mn, in spite of same variety and year, though some sites were heavily contaminated with Cd, Pb and Zn [12].…”

“…This could be due to geogenic effects, but also to soil contaminations [12]. There was no evidence, however, between quasi-total metal contents in the top soils (0-25 cm) and the contents in the fruits, except for Mn, in spite of same variety and year, though some sites were heavily contaminated with Cd, Pb and Zn [12]. Tomatoes randomly collected at Turkish markets (80 samples) contained about 4 times more Na, but just 1/3 of Ca, compared with samples of this work.…”

Health risk assessment of heavy metals through consumption of vegetables irrigated with reclaimed urban wastewater in Algeria

“…However, Pb levels are lower in Egypt (Radwan and Salama, 2006) and Pakistan (Parveen et al, 2003) for all commodities. Besides, Cr levels in this study have showed a divergence from other countries: higher in tomato and cucumber than similar item analyzed by Rodriguez-Iruretagoiena et al (2015) and Yang et al (2011) while they are lower in potato than samples analyzed by Saha and Zaman (2013). Furthermore, Cr levels are lower in Pakistan (Parveen et al, 2003) for all commodities.…”

“…Regarding vegetables of Algerian markets, it can be concluded from Table 4 that their metal contents are relatively higher in most of studied vegetables than those reported in other countries: Spain (Rodriguez-Iruretagoiena et al, 2015), Bangladesh (Saha and Zaman, 2013), China (Yang et al, 2011), Saudi Arabia (Ali and Al-Qahtani, 2012), Egypt (Radwan and Salama, 2006) and Pakistan (Parveen et al, 2003). Thus, all the measurements highlight the necessity to take action in order to improve and generalize the reuse of reclaimed water in Algeria, since vegetables irrigated with treated waters showed acceptable levels of heavy metals.…”