Metallurgy of bearing steel

Molotilov, B. V.; Yugov, P. I.

doi:10.3103/s0967091208070176

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The morphologies and compositions of the inclusions at the crack initiation sites were analysed. There are three main types of inclusions causing the crack: spherical calcium aluminate, titanium nitride, and spinel, which are common inclusions in steels [52,53]. The ratio of fatigue failure sorted by crack initiation mechanisms is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Fatigue Crack Initiation Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure-based fatigue modelling with residual stresses: Prediction of the microcrack initiation around inclusions

Lian

Bao

et al. 2019

Materials Science and Engineering: A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the investigation of fatigue properties of metals, the microstructure-based modelling has shown its powerful applicability in predicting the microcrack initiation as well as the fatigue life. However, proper treatment of the inclusions, which are the major fatigue crack trigger especially for the very high cycle fatigue regime, is still missing. It is emphasised that in addition to the geometrical representation and the basic mechanical properties assignment of the inclusions, the residual stresses developed between the steel matrix and inclusions during the cooling processes due to their distinct thermal expansion coefficients play a non-negligible role in determining the fatigue properties. Therefore, it is aimed, in this study, to propose a microstructure-based modelling approach to account for the effects of residual stresses induced by the rapid cooling process on the fatigue crack initiation behaviour of a martensitic steel, for which the majority of the fatigue crack is formed around the calcium aluminate inclusions in experiments. The entire approach is decomposed into two processes: i) simulation of the cooling process to obtain the residual stress profile around the inclusion and ii) conducting the fatigue simulation using a crystal plasticity model including the mapped residual stress profile from the previous step. It is shown that the proposed approach accurately predicts the fatigue crack initiation sites around the inclusions corresponding to the experimental findings, while the modelling approach without the residual stresses fails to predict the correct locations of the crack initiation, revealing the necessity to consider the residual stresses for the future fatigue modelling and assessment.

show abstract

Section: Fatigue Crack Initiation Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure-based fatigue modelling with residual stresses: Prediction of the microcrack initiation around inclusions

Lian

Bao

et al. 2019

Materials Science and Engineering: A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The effect of inclusions on mechanical properties is pronounced and well-known in steels. Properties such as ductility, fatigue, toughness and machinablilty are affected (10)(11)(12). Also within the aluminium industry inclusions are of great concern (10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Metal Cleanliness on Mechanical Properties of Die Cast Magnesium Alloy AM50

Bakke

Pettersen

Guldberg

et al. 2000

Magnesium Alloys and Their Applications

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionAs in-house and in-cell recycling is developing (1-5) one should expect metal cleanliness issues to be of paramount importance. However, until now metal cleanliness has to some extent been a neglected aspect as low cost solutions and smart logistics often have received the main focus (6-9). The effect of inclusions on mechanical properties is pronounced and well-known in steels. Properties such as ductility, fatigue, toughness and machinablilty are affected (10-12). Also within the aluminium industry inclusions are of great concern (10). Molten magnesium alloys oxidise more readily than any other metal cast or formed into components used for construction purposes. One might expect this to trig primary producers, end-users as well as researchers interest in quantifying the impact of inclusions on important mechanical properties. However, to our knowledge only a few papers have been published addressing this topic featuring die cast magnesium alloys (13-15). The essence of these papers is that in order to detect any influence of inclusions the content must be really high (at least 0.2 %). This might have lead to the opinion that metal cleanliness represents no obstacle to go ahead with in-house/in-cell recycling. Experimental Test materialStandard die cast test bars were produced from AM50 melts deliberately contaminated with oxide inclusions. AM50 was chosen because this is a highly ductile magnesium based alloy, possibly making a reduction in tensile properties more easily visible than for instance with the less ductile AZ91. Molten metal cleanliness was adjusted in part by introducing thin-walled scrap to a reference ingot melt, and in part by turning off the gas protection for short periods allowing the melt to burn. It was not possible to predict the metal cleanliness, it could only be determined retrospectively. Molten metal cleanliness was monitored with the Hydro Magnesium Inclusion Assessment Method (HMIAM) (16,17), distinguishing between oxide particles and oxide films. Samples were withdrawn both before and after casting of the melts. The melts were stirred manually just before casting in order to interrupt the refining caused by settling. The chemical composition of the melts was controlled by spectrographic analysis of permanent mould cast specimens. Die casting of test bars was done on the 3-cavity test bar die on the 200 ton Frech machine in Hydro Magnesium's foundry laboratory. Standard die cast test bars were made from 17 Magnesium Alloys and their Applications. Edited by K. U. Kainer.

show abstract

Rolling contact fatigue

Doll¹

2023

Rolling Bearing Tribology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Metallurgy of bearing steel

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

Microstructure-based fatigue modelling with residual stresses: Prediction of the microcrack initiation around inclusions

Microstructure-based fatigue modelling with residual stresses: Prediction of the microcrack initiation around inclusions

The Impact of Metal Cleanliness on Mechanical Properties of Die Cast Magnesium Alloy AM50

Rolling contact fatigue

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About