“…Particles are typically classified into solid particles (e.g., powders), liquid particles (e.g., droplets and oil beads), and gas particles (e.g., bubbles in liquids) 1 . Numerous methods, including the airflow acceleration method 2 , mechanical acceleration method 3 , electromagnetic acceleration method 4 , ultrasonic acceleration method 5 , and thermal expansion acceleration method 6 have been developed to accelerate particles to a certain speed, enabling various tasks such as separation, throwing, and impact crushing. Notably, that these methods are widely used in diverse fields such as intelligent manufacturing, chemical industry, weaponry, and mining 7 – 16 .…”