Metallurgical effects on the corrosion resistance of a low temperature sensitized welded aisi type 304 stainless steel

Kekkonen, Timo; Aaltonen, Pertti; Hänninen, Hannu

doi:10.1016/0010-938x(85)90014-9

Cited by 29 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This was verified by several failures encountered in the nuclear industries and analysis thereof. [1][2][3][4] At temperatures greater than 773 K (500°C), sensitization occurs by bulk chromium diffusion (activation energy~265 kJ/mole) and by grain boundary chromium diffusion at low temperatures (activation energy of 100 to 150 kJ/mole). [3] Thus, prediction of low-temperature sensitization (LTS) behavior by extrapolating the sensitization data obtained at high temperature may cause wide scatter in the results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Temperature Sensitization on the Orthogonal Surfaces of Prior Deformed AISI 304LN and Aged at 673 K to 873 K (400 °C to 600 °C)

Singh

Chowdhury

Das

et al. 2011

Metall Mater Trans A

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This study investigates the sensitization behavior of AISI 304LN deformed previously by cold rolling (CR) to 5 pct to 25 pct reduction in thickness and aged at 673 K to 873 K (400°C to 600°C). The emphasis was on revealing the degree of sensitization (DOS) resulting from lowtemperature sensitization (LTS) on the orthogonal surfaces and correlation thereof with the changes in various metallurgical properties caused by cold rolling. It was found that the DOS differs among the orthogonal surfaces such as the rolling surface (RS), transverse surface (TS), and cross transverse surface (CTS). RS showed lower DOS compared with CTS and TS. The differences in the DOS were attributed to the combined effect of deformation-induced martensite (DIM), grain size, and slip band formation. A deformation of 5 pct was critical to the susceptibility of AISI 304LN to intergranular (IGC) and transgranular corrosion (TGC). The sensitization kinetics was slow or saturated leading to desensitization beyond 5pct deformations at 773 K (500°C) and 873 K (600°C). It was, however, uniformly accelerated over 5 to 25 pct deformation when aged at 673 K (400°C).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Temperature Sensitization on the Orthogonal Surfaces of Prior Deformed AISI 304LN and Aged at 673 K to 873 K (400 °C to 600 °C)

Singh

Chowdhury

Das

et al. 2011

Metall Mater Trans A

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“…[10] The extrapolation from data obtained at a high temperature (using an Arrhenius time-temperature plot), however, may cause scatter in the results due to the shifts in the mechanism of chromium diffusion and, hence, chromium carbide precipitation. [9] At high temperatures (>500°C), sensitization occurs by bulk chromium diffusion (activation energy~265 kJ/mol) and by grain-boundary chromium diffusion at low temperatures (activation energy~100 to 150 kJ/mol). [9] The LTS phenomenon has been studied to some extent for AISI 304 and 304L stainless steels, because they had been a popular choice of material for nuclear industries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[9] At high temperatures (>500°C), sensitization occurs by bulk chromium diffusion (activation energy~265 kJ/mol) and by grain-boundary chromium diffusion at low temperatures (activation energy~100 to 150 kJ/mol). [9] The LTS phenomenon has been studied to some extent for AISI 304 and 304L stainless steels, because they had been a popular choice of material for nuclear industries. [6][7][8][9][10][11] Later, with the increase in demand for components with a longer service life, sensitization and IGC have become even more important.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6,7] Extensive intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) failures of the recirculation pipelines in boiling water reactors were reported due to LTS. [6][7][8][9] The AISI 304L and 316L, the candidate materials for nuclear waste storage, were reported to fail from heat-affected zone (HAZ) locations by LTS-enhanced IGSCC. The canister surfaces, which encountered a temperature range of 100°C to 300°C from the radioactive decay of radionuclides, were found to experience significant chromium depletion near the boundaries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[9] The LTS phenomenon has been studied to some extent for AISI 304 and 304L stainless steels, because they had been a popular choice of material for nuclear industries. [6][7][8][9][10][11] Later, with the increase in demand for components with a longer service life, sensitization and IGC have become even more important. This has resulted in the evolution of nuclear-grade stainless steels such as 304LN and 316LN.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low-Temperature Sensitization Behavior of Base, Heat-Affected Zone, and Weld Pool in AISI 304LN

Singh

Das

Singh

et al. 2009

Metall Mater Trans A

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Present investigations were focused on low-temperature sensitization (LTS) behavior of 304LN stainless steels considered from pipes of two different thicknesses. The specimens for the present study were taken from solution-annealed pipes (of varying thicknesses) and welded pipes (including the heat-affected zone (HAZ)). The specimens were subjected to thermal aging at 400°C and 450°C for different durations ranging from 125 to 8000 hours, to evaluate their sensitization susceptibility. The aging durations were worked out to simulate the 30-to-100-year life of the studied stainless steel at 300°C using the Arrheneous equation and considering the activation energy of 150 kJ/mol. The thermally aged specimens were characterized for their degree of sensitization (DOS) and susceptibility to intergranular corrosion (IGC) by doubleloop (DL) electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (EPR) and by methods given in the ASTM A262 practices A and E. It has been clearly shown that the weld pool is more sensitive to IGC than are the base and the HAZ at both the aging temperatures (LTS), because they showed IGC cracks during the bending subsequent to the boiling in H 2 SO 4 -CuSO 4 solution. Both the base and the HAZ of the thicker pipe material showed susceptibility to sensitization, as indicated by the increasing DOS and ''dual-type'' microstructure during electrolytic oxalic acid (EOA) etching; however, they were found safe from IGC for the studied sensitization times. The susceptibility to sensitization and IGC in the weld pool is related to the presence of copious delta ferrite with chromium diffusivity that is accelerated compared to the austenite phase. The timetemperature-sensitization (TTS) curves were prepared accordingly, based on these results.

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Analysis of intergranular corrosion attack on stainless steels by means of atomic force microscopy and optical microscopy. Part 1: Influence of heat treatment

Barkleit

Schlueter

Schneider

et al. 2000

Materials and Corrosion

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Metallurgical effects on the corrosion resistance of a low temperature sensitized welded aisi type 304 stainless steel

Cited by 29 publications

References 10 publications

Low Temperature Sensitization on the Orthogonal Surfaces of Prior Deformed AISI 304LN and Aged at 673 K to 873 K (400 °C to 600 °C)

Low Temperature Sensitization on the Orthogonal Surfaces of Prior Deformed AISI 304LN and Aged at 673 K to 873 K (400 °C to 600 °C)

Low-Temperature Sensitization Behavior of Base, Heat-Affected Zone, and Weld Pool in AISI 304LN

Analysis of intergranular corrosion attack on stainless steels by means of atomic force microscopy and optical microscopy. Part 1: Influence of heat treatment

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