“…These conditions play the primary role in boiler components damages such as tension-compression, corrosion fatigue, creep damage, hydrogen embrittlement, and erosion, in addition to short-term or long-term overheating and welding defects are among the most frequent reasons for the failure of boiler components. The occurrence of stress concentration areas, such as notches, welding toes, sharp corners, keyways, dents, gouges, laps, folds, flakes, and tensile residual stresses from punched holes, heat treatment, and welding, among others, can trigger fatigue fractures [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23].…”