Metallothionein in the human brain.

Suzuki, Keiji; Nakajima, Katsuyuki; Kawaharada, Umeko; Uehara, Kaku; Otaki, Noriko; Kimura, Masami; Fukuda, Toshio; Takatama, Masamitu

doi:10.1267/ahc.25.617

Cited by 33 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The findings agreed with those reported in the brain of humans [3,27,28], monkeys [26], rats [14,32] and mice [12,14]. Intense MT-I & -II immunoreactivity was observed in astrocytes in the periventricular area and those around the blood vessels, indicating that MT-I & -II may play a role as a barrier against the toxic substances including metals.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Immunohistochemical localization of MT-I & -II in the brain has been reported in humans [3,27,28], monkeys [26], mice [12,14] and rats [14,32]; MT-I & -II were shown in choroid plexus epithelial cells, ependymal cells, pia mater, and astrocytes in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, cerebral cortex and white matter throughout the brain. With at 5 µm were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and periodic acid methenamine silver (PAM).…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Localization of Metallothioneins-I & -II and -III in the Brain of Aged Dog.

Kojima

Shimada

Morita

et al. 1999

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Localization of metallothionein (MT) -I & -II and MT-III and its significance in the brain aging in dogs were examined using immunohistological and molecular pathological techniques. MT-I & -II immunohistochemistry showed positive staining in the hypertrophic astrocytes throughout the aged dog brains; these MT-I & -II immunoreactive astrocytes were predominant in the cerebral cortex and around the blood vessels in the brain. These findings dominated in the brain regions with severe age-related morphological changes. In situ hybridization using MT-I mRNA riboprobes also demonstrated signals for MT-I mRNA in these hypertrophic astrocytes. Immunohistochemistry using a guinea pig antiserum against a synthetic polypeptide of canine MT-III demonstrated positive MT-III immunoreactivity predominantly in neurons in the Zn-rich regions such as hippocampus and parahippocampus. The findings were supported by in situ hybridization using MT-III mRNA riboprobes. Both MT-III immunoreactivity and signals for MT-III mRNA were demonstrated in neurons in the brain regardless of the intensity of the age-related changes. These results suggest, first, MT-I & -II may be induced in relation to the progress of the age-related morphological changes in the brain, playing an important role in the protection of the brain tissue from the toxic insults responsible for the brain aging, and second, MT-III may play a role in maintenance of Zn-related essential functions of the brain.-KEY WORDS: aging, brain, canine, in situ hybridization, metallothionein.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Localization of Metallothioneins-I & -II and -III in the Brain of Aged Dog.

Kojima

Shimada

Morita

et al. 1999

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…MT immunoreactivity was also demon strated in pia mater, ependymal cells [43], vascular feet, and in adventitial cells of the blood vessels [42][43][44], Aging and Abnormal CIMS Aging Changes in brain MT expression occur in various physiological and pathological pro cesses. Increased MT deposition in dilated perivascular spaces of the aging brain was demonstrated by Suzuki et al [43].…”

Section: Humanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the human CNS, immunoreactivity for MT is mainly limited to astrocytes [12,[42][43][44], Nakajima et al [42] described MT posi tivity in the nucleus, cytoplasm and processes of fibrillary and protoplasmic astrocytes. Su zuki et al [43] described MT reactivity in gray matter protoplasmic and white matter fibril lary' astrocytes.…”

Section: Humanmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Localization of Metallothionein in the Mammalian Central Nervous System

Blaauwgeers

Jong²,

Troost³

1994

Biological Signals

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This review concerns the immunohistochemical localization of metallothionein (MT), a metal-binding protein, in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Expression of MT in the mammalian CNS is abundant. In the mouse brain, MT expression is found in some glial cells, whereas in the adult rat brain immunoreactivity varies from no expression at all to abundant reactivity throughout the whole brain. In primates and humans, MT expression is mainly found in astrocytes. Thus, MT expression in the mammalian CNS is found in the pia-arachnoid, ependymal cells and astrocytes. Cells expressing MTs can, in this way, supply essential metals to neurons and may protect neurons against toxic ions.

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Regulation of metallothionein‐I+II levels in specific brain areas and liver in the rat: Role of catecholamines

Gasull

Giralt

Garcı́a

et al. 1994

Glia

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The role of the catecholamines noradrenaline, adrenaline and dopamine on metallothionein (MT) levels of specific areas of the rat brain has been studied. MT-I or MT-I + II levels were measured by radioimmunoassay using specific antibodies that cross-react only slightly with human MT-III (growth inhibitory factor, GIF). The inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (MPT), which depletes brain dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline, increased MT levels in all brain areas studied (frontal cortex, cortex, medulla oblongata plus pons, midbrain, striatum, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and cerebellum) when considering the results of two separate experiments. The alpha- and beta-receptor blockers, phentolamine, and propranolol, alone or together, did not increase brain MT levels in any area of the brain, suggesting that the effect of MPT in vivo is related to inhibition of the synthesis of dopamine rather than of noradrenaline and adrenaline. Dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin increased MT-I levels in primary cultures of neurons, whereas decreased them in astrocyte-enriched primary cultures. Since MT-I levels are about ten times higher in astrocytes than in neurons, the increased brain MT levels induced by MPT may reflect the suppression of the normal inhibitory effect of dopamine on astrocyte MT levels. The increase in MT concentrations induced in most parts of the brain by immobilization stress was not prevented by MPT, phentolamine, or propranolol, suggesting that it was not mediated by the central monoamines.

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Metallothionein in the human brain.

Cited by 33 publications

References 24 publications

Localization of Metallothioneins-I & -II and -III in the Brain of Aged Dog.

Localization of Metallothioneins-I & -II and -III in the Brain of Aged Dog.

Localization of Metallothionein in the Mammalian Central Nervous System

Regulation of metallothionein‐I+II levels in specific brain areas and liver in the rat: Role of catecholamines

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