Metallothermic reduction of TiO2

Okabe, Toru H.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-817200-1.00008-9

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 44 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…To investigate electrowon Nd purity, deposits were produced at cathode current density of 200 mA/cm 2 over 1 h of electrolysis and then subjected to microcharacterization. A cross-section FIB lift-out is presented in Figure , which confirmed high-density deposits with occasional occurrence of internal porosity (Figure a) or salt inclusion as expected in high-temperature MSE operation. − Elemental composition was determined using EDS mapping (Figure b–f), with point and line scans (Figure g) performed in select regions to achieve higher data quality. In EDS analysis, the presence of oxygen (O) is primarily associated with the protective Pt layer, which is deposited from an organometallic precursor, although some O is present across the entire sampled region.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 53%

Sustainable and Energy-Efficient Production of Rare-Earth Metals via Chloride-Based Molten Salt Electrolysis

Holcombe,

Sinclair,

Wasalathanthri

et al. 2024

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Neodymium metal is a critical component of rare earth magnets, essential for electric vehicles and the green energy transition, but its production has severe environmental impacts across its mining, separation, purification, and metal electrowinning steps. Specifically, conventional neodymium electrowinning in oxyfluoride molten salts using a consumable graphite anode generates greenhouse gases, e.g., carbon dioxide and perfluorocarbon (PFC). Here, we propose an alternative chloride-based molten salt electrolysis process utilizing a novel dimensionally stable anode (DSA). Our process lowers the specific electrical energy consumption compared to the state of the art, while producing reusable chlorine gas and eliminating direct CO 2 and PFC emissions. Chloride-based molten salt electrolysis of NdCl 3 (1.65 M) added to a LiCl−KCl eutectic (45:55 wt %), while using a RuO 2 -coated DSA enables high Coulombic efficiency (>80%), low specific energy consumption (2.3 kWh/kg-Nd), and excellent electrowon Nd product purity (>97 wt %). Life cycle analysis, excluding the common input feedstock (Nd 2 O 3 ), shows that the global warming potential for the proposed chloride-based electrolysis approach is 5 kg CO 2 equivalent, compared to 9−16 kg CO 2 equivalent for the conventional process, representing a 44−69% reduction in CO 2 emissions.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 53%

Sustainable and Energy-Efficient Production of Rare-Earth Metals via Chloride-Based Molten Salt Electrolysis

Holcombe,

Sinclair,

Wasalathanthri

et al. 2024

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Recent Progress in Titanium Extraction and Recycling

Takeda

Ouchi

Okabe

2020

Metall Mater Trans B

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper presents a brief review of the history of titanium smelting and the current trends in related research and development. Presently, both electrolytic and metallothermic reduction processes utilizing various feed materials such as titanium oxide are widely studied. However, many challenges remain to be addressed before realizing the practical application of smelting processes utilizing oxide feed. To make titanium a ''common metal'', a new reduction process that is high speed, energy-efficient, low cost, and of low environmental impact is required. The current status of titanium recycling is likewise outlined, and the development of the recycling process is discussed. Low-grade titanium scraps heavily contaminated by oxygen and iron are currently used for producing additive alloys (ferro-titanium) in the steel industry. In the near future, if the demand for titanium metal increases dramatically, there could be an oversupply of low-grade titanium scraps in the market. Therefore, the development of anti-contamination and efficient removal processes for oxygen and iron is essential for the efficient utilization of titanium. The development of these technologies is vital for expanding the titanium industry through innovation in both titanium smelting and recycling technologies.

show abstract

Synthesis of Cobalt Boride Particles by Molten Salt Assisted Calciothermic Reduction

Kartal

2022

Trans Indian Inst Met

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Metallothermic reduction of TiO2

Cited by 7 publications

References 44 publications

Sustainable and Energy-Efficient Production of Rare-Earth Metals via Chloride-Based Molten Salt Electrolysis

Sustainable and Energy-Efficient Production of Rare-Earth Metals via Chloride-Based Molten Salt Electrolysis

Recent Progress in Titanium Extraction and Recycling

Synthesis of Cobalt Boride Particles by Molten Salt Assisted Calciothermic Reduction

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About