Metalloproteinase-9 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin plasma and tissue levels evaluation in middle cerebral artery aneurysms

Abstract

Background. Cerebral aneurysms are relatively common in adults, with a prevalence ranging between 1% and 5%. Subarachnoid hemorrhage, following aneurismal rupture, is a major cause of death and disability in these patients. Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) and Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) seem to be involved in the pathogenesis and in the clinical course of aneurysms. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between tissue and plasma levels of MMP-9 and NGAL in patient with ruptured and unruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysms. Methods. An open label study was conducted on 7 patients with middle cerebral aneurysms. Three patients had ruptured aneurysms (Group I) and four patients had unruptured aneurysms (Group II). All patients underwent aneurysm clipping. Plasma levels of MMP-9 and NGAL were evaluated through ELISA Test. During the surgery, biopsies of the aneurysmatic arteries were taken and frozen (- 80°C) for Western blot evaluation of MMPs and NGAL expression. Four healthy volunteers (Group III) represented the control group for ELISA testing. Results. Both plasma MMP-9 and NGAL levels were significantly high in aneurysmatic patients respect to those of control patients, and these levels were higher (P < 0.01) in patients with ruptured aneurysms respect to patients with unruptured aneurysms (P < 0.01). The latest findings were similarly evident in tissue evaluation of MMP-9 and NGAL between ruptured and unruptured aneurysms. Conclusion. This study suggests that MMP-9 and NGAL plasma levels may be useful to predict the clinical course of a cerebral aneurysms in order to evaluate the progression of the disease and the tendency of an aneurysm to rupture.

The Influence of Simvastatin on NGAL, Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Tissue Inhibitors in Human Intraluminal Thrombus and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Tissue

“…6,9 The main sources of MMP9 are infiltrating macrophages that can also produce NGAL. 10e12 Recently, Serra et al presented data that plasma MMP9 and NGAL levels were significantly elevated in cerebral artery aneurysm patients, 13 while Zografos et al described a significant increase in plasma NGAL in patients with coronary artery disease. 14 AAAs >45 mm often contain ILTs, which it is speculated are the main source of proteolytic compounds that may influence aortic wall degradation.…”

The clinical significance of neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin in ischemic stroke patients with acute kidney injury

“…Recently, NGAL as a novel marker for renal injury has been suggested to be an excellent predictor of AKI in several pathological conditions like circulatory shock, cirrhosis, and sepsis . The novel role of NGAL in CNS diseases such as EAE, TBI, and cerebral aneurysms has been highlighted gradually . Here, we found the high level of serum NGAL occurred in the AIS patients with AKI and its level was correlated positively with the level of serum creatinine, suggesting that serum NGAL may reflect the change and severity of renal function in the early stage of AIS.…”

“…The expression and localization of NGAL in human brain tissue have been detected, and NGAL was mainly expressed and located in neurons, which indicated that NGAL may have central nervous system (CNS)‐specific functions . Under conditions such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), traumatic brain injury (TBI), and cerebral aneurysms, the expression and activity of NGAL was increased . Elevated urinary NGAL levels were also found to be an early marker of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with TBI .…”

“…10,11 Under conditions such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), traumatic brain injury (TBI), and cerebral aneurysms, the expression and activity of NGAL was increased. 10,12,13 Elevated urinary NGAL levels were also found to be an early marker of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with TBI. 14 Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, which may induce an acute impairment of kidney function in clinic because of various factors, such as renal infarction, high blood pressure, hyperglycemia, and infectious complications.…”

Hemorrhoids and matrix metalloproteinases: A multicenter study on the predictive role of biomarkers

“…14 Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are enzymes that regulate ECM composition 15 and play a role in several vascular inflammatory conditions that may be related with hemorrhoidal disease. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Fargo and Latimer documented that the degradation of the ECM with MMP may be involved in the development of hemorrhoidal disease, 30 and we showed that neutrophil gelatinaseassociated lipocalin (NGAL) modulates the activity of MMP-9 in vascular disease. 17 Therefore, to evaluate the role of MMPs and NGAL in the development of hemorrhoidal disease, we evaluated both plasma MMPs and NGAL levels and their tissue expression in patients with different stages of hemorrhoids.…”