Metallomics study on all-elements analysis of salmon egg cells and fractionation analysis of metals in cell cytoplasm

Abstract

Salmon egg cells were the subject of investigation for all-elements analysis in a single biological cell, where the elements in egg cells were simultaneously determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after microwave-assisted acid digestion. As a result, 74 elements among 78 stable isotope elements were determined or detected, although H, C, N, and O were determined separately by conventional CHN elemental analysis. In addition, the survey of protein-binding metallic elements as well as metalloid elements in salmon egg cell cytoplasm was performed by the fractionation analysis with a hyphenated system of highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/ICP-MS using a 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)-dimethylammonio]-1-propane sulfonate (CHAPS)-coated octadecylsilyl silica (ODS) column and a size exclusion chromatography (SEC) column.

Metallomics Research Related to Arsenic

“…As has been noted by many [2,6,9,10,13,14,[16][17][18][19], the distribution and speciation analyses of the elements in the biological fluids, cells, organs and organisms are generally performed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS as they are highly sensitive analytical methods. The detection limits obtained by commercially available ICP-AES and ICP-MS instruments are shown in Figure 4.2 [20], where the elements are plotted on the vertical axis (concentration unit) corresponding to the detection limits obtained by each analytical method.…”

“…At present, however, owing to the progress in analytical methodology mentioned above, almost all elements can be determined or detected not only in geochemical samples but also in biological and environmental samples [2,15]. As a consequence, Haraguchi proposed the new concept of 'The Extended All-Present Theory of the Elements' [2,16,19], in which he suggested that all elements in the periodic table might be contained in all materials or substances on the earth, including biological systems, such as animals, plants and microorganisms. Of course, human beings are also the subject of the Extended All-Present Theory.…”

“…The Extended All-Present Theory was proposed as the extended concept of Noddack's. It is now expected that the final goal in the study on the Extended All-Present Theory is to elucidate the existence of all elements in a single biological cell, which is referred to as 'cell microcosm' [2,19]. That is, a single biological cell is composed of a small compartment of the Earth or the universe.…”

“…That is, a single biological cell is composed of a small compartment of the Earth or the universe. In order to establish the concept of cell microcosm, salmon egg cells have been analysed on the multielement basis by ICP-AES and ICP-MS after acid digestion, and the analytical results are summarized in Figure 4.3 [2,19]. In a conventional standard laboratory, 78 elements in the periodic table can be detected, excluding natural/artificial radioactive elements and rare gas elements.…”

“…In a conventional standard laboratory, 78 elements in the periodic table can be detected, excluding natural/artificial radioactive elements and rare gas elements. So far, 72 elements among the 78 have been determined or detected in salmon egg cells [19]. As shown in Figure 4.3, the concentrations of As and Sb in salmon egg cell are 192 ppb (10 À9 g/g) and 0.12 ppb, respectively but Bi has not be determined yet.…”