This paper presents the results of sampling surveys carried out in order to evaluate the environmental impact of the Rude and the Sv. Jakob historical mining sites, NW Croatia. The studied polymetallic ore deposits differ in their mineralogical and geochemical features as well as in the host rock lithology. The Rude Fe-Cu-Pb-Zn-Ba deposit is hosted by Permian siliciclastic sediments. Siderite, haematite, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, barite and gypsum are the major ore minerals. The Sv. Jakob Pb-Zn deposit oecurs in the Middle Triassic dolostone. The most abundant ore minerals are galena, sphalerite and pyrite. Although the deposits represent potential sources of numerous toxic metals, no pollution of the drainage streams and associated stream sediments was recorded. The studied mining sites are characterized by high carbonate/sulfide ratios responsible for the alkaline character of the drainage streams (pH=7.3-8.7). Consequently, the mining sites have very low potential for both generation of acid mine drainage and for leaching of heavy metals into the drainage systems. Furthermore, the study revealed that the populated areas (stream waters with decreased redox potential, increased organic matter content, high NO3", NH4* and P04^" concentrations; stream sediments enriched in exchangeable Pb and Zn) and the Sava river alluvium (overflowing streams enriched in Hg) represent a greater environmental threat than the investigated polymetallic ore deposits.