IntroductionPlatinum, palladium, iridium, copper, silver and other transition noble metals are highly active, promoting many different types of organic reactions including hydrogenations, oxidations, C − C bond formation, etc. [1,2] . In contrast to the high catalytic activity of Pt ( Z = 78) or Ir ( Z = 77), Au ( Z = 79) as a metal has been largely considered devoid of interesting catalytic activity.This assumption of considering gold catalytically inert changed, however, in the late 90s after the seminal contribution of Haruta, who reported that gold nanoparticles are extremely active in promoting the low -temperature, aerobic oxidation of CO to CO 2 [3,4] . Moreover, Haruta and coworkers showed that the catalytic activity of gold appears for particles in the nanometric size range, there being a direct relationship between activity and particle diameter [5,6] .Since this breakthrough, research has been aimed at determining the reaction types that can be effi ciently catalyzed by nanometric gold particles, increasing the catalytic activity of gold by stabilizing nanoparticles against agglomeration, understanding the role of the solid support in the catalytic activity and also demonstrating the similarities and distinctive properties of gold catalysis with respect to catalysis by other noble metals.In this chapter, we will comment on the specifi c properties that arise when the size of the particles is decreased in the length scale of nanometers, how to form and stabilize gold nanoparticles and then on the catalytic oxidation reactions that can be effected by gold, with special emphasis on alcohol oxidation. The high activity of gold nanoparticles supported on nanoparticulated ceria will be described and justifi ed, together with some insights into the mechanism. A specifi c section will be devoted to discussion of the differences in selectivity between gold and palladium catalysts in order to show the general applicability of gold nanoparticles as a catalyst for alcohol oxidation. This chapter will conclude with some prospects for the future trends in aerobic oxidation.
389Nanoparticles and Catalysis. Edited by Didier Astruc