Mesoporous iron oxides (2-line ferrihydrite, α-Fe 2 O 3 , γ-Fe 2 O 3 , and Fe 3 O 4 ) are successfully synthesized by modifying the reaction temperatures and calcination atmospheres of the sol−gel-based inverse micelle method. Different characterization techniques, such as PXRD, N 2 sorption, SEM, HRTEM, Raman spectroscopy, and XANES, are performed to determine the properties of the catalysts. Larger pore sizes can be obtained in mesoporous γ-Fe 2 O 3 and Fe 3 O 4 compared with mesoporous 2-line ferrihydrite and α-Fe 2 O 3 . The catalytic performance of mesoporous iron oxides are examined as Fenton catalysts in orange II degradation in the presence of oxidant H 2 O 2 at neutral pH under visible light. Adsorption capacities of mesoporous iron oxides on orange II are greater than that of commercial Fe 2 O 3 . The greatest adsorption capacity is found to be 49.3 mg/g with mesoporous 2-line ferrihydrite. In addition, the degradation efficiency of orange II is found to be markedly improved by mesoporous iron oxides compared with the commercial catalyst. In the best case scenario, 2-line ferrihydrite shows the highest degradation rate constant (0.0258 min −1 ) among all the catalysts tested. The excellent performance of 2-line ferrihydrite is mainly attributed to the larger surface area but also related to surface hydroxyl groups, acidic products, and possible additional adsorption sites. The recyclability of mesoporous 2-line ferrihydrite catalyst can be achieved up to 3 times without performance decay. At last, a discussion regarding the possible mechanisms of degradation of orange II over mesoporous 2-line ferrihydrite is proposed, based on the previous literature work and the observed reaction intermediates monitored by ESI/MS in this study.