Metallization of poly(vinylchloride) by Fe, Ni, Cu, Ag, and Au

Carlo, S. R.; Perry, Christopher C.; Torres, J.; Fairbrother, D. Howard

doi:10.1116/1.1445157

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Polymer metallization is usually carried out by vapor deposition of metals on polymer films as key functional components (e.g., electrodes and coatings) in optoelectronic devices, − packings, , and coatings. , The interfacial properties between metals and polymers can be very crucial to the stability and performance of devices. − Therefore, the precise control of microstructure and interaction of metal/polymer interfaces play an important role in practical applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Temperature Growth Improves Metal/Polymer Interfaces: Vapor-Deposited Ca on PMMA

Feng

et al. 2014

J. Phys. Chem. C

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The controllable design of interfacial structures is of great importance in the applications of metal/polymer interfaces in a variety of technologies. The vapor deposition of Ca films on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was studied as a prototype system to investigate the effects of substrate temperature on metal/polymer interfacial structure, using Ca adsorption microcalorimetry, sticking probability measurements, and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. Earlier studies showed that when Ca vapor is deposited at room temperature, Ca atoms preferentially diffuse subsurface and react with the ester groups of PMMA at low coverage, leading to the formation of polymeric Ca carboxylates. As Ca coverage increases, the depth of the reacted polymer increases, so that diffusion of Ca through it to find unreacted esters gets slower, leading to an increase in the probability that Ca instead grows 3D Ca(s) particles on the surface, which eventually grow together into a continuous surface film. By deposition of metal vapor onto the polymer substrate at 90 K, the subsurface reaction is suppressed and a sharp Ca(s)/PMMA interface is instead obtained, essentially eliminating the intermediate layer of polymeric Ca carboxylate that forms at 300 K. The thickness of this intermediate layer is estimated to be <0.3 nm (0.6 layers of reacted PMMA) at 90 K, in contrast to 2.5 nm (5.4 layers of reacted PMMA) at 300 K. Thus, a cleaner and more abrupt Ca/PMMA interface is achieved by metal deposition at low substrate temperature, due to less competition from subsurface diffusion of the Ca atoms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Temperature Growth Improves Metal/Polymer Interfaces: Vapor-Deposited Ca on PMMA

Feng

et al. 2014

J. Phys. Chem. C

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“…The interfaces between metals and polymers are of considerable importance in wide-ranging applications, especially in optoelectronic devices, − packing, , and coatings, , because metal layers are usually deposited on polymer films as key functional components (e.g., electrodes and coatings). In general, metal deposition onto polymers may result in simple physical interactions, intradiffusion processes, or chemical reactions, all of which can directly influence the adhesion strength of the metal film to the polymer substrate. − Therefore, a thorough understanding of the nature at the interfaces between metals and polymers can provide important guidance for practical manufacturing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ca Carboxylate Formation at the Calcium/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Interface

Feng

et al. 2012

J. Phys. Chem. C

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Chemical reactions occurring at the interface during the growth of Ca films on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by vapor deposition at room temperature have been investigated in detail by Xray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS). The changes of the O 1s, C 1s, and Ca 2p core level XP spectra upon Ca deposition directly indicate that Ca atoms preferentially react with the ester groups of PMMA at very low coverages, leading to the formation of polymeric Ca carboxylate and loss of methyl groups. The O K-edge NEXAFS spectra further confirm that the ester groups of the PMMA are the primary active sites for reaction with Ca atoms. The results of XPS and NEXAFS measurements are fully consistent with those from adsorption microcalorimetry studies reported in our previous work. Therefore, the reaction mechanism between Ca and PMMA has confirmed that Ca atoms react with the ester groups in PMMA to form polymeric Ca carboxylate in the early stages of Ca adsorption.

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“…24 Metallized polymers play an important role in the microelectronics industry in thin-film transistors and compact discs. 24 Metallized polymers play an important role in the microelectronics industry in thin-film transistors and compact discs.…”

Section: Metallizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…24 Metallized polymers play an important role in the microelectronics industry in thin-film transistors and compact discs. 24 At low metal exposures, metals reacted with PVC, forming metal chlorides. 24 Physical vapor deposition of Fe, Ni, Cu, Ag, and Au on PVC has been studied.…”

Section: Metallizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metallization of PVC could in principle remove the need for photostabilization by providing a conductive and photoimpermeable barrier. 24 The deposition efficiency of copper on PVC surface is highly sensitive to the glass transition temperature of the substrate, irrespective of the process gas pressure. 24 At low metal exposures, metals reacted with PVC, forming metal chlorides.…”

Section: Metallizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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