“…[25] Similar to the Mo, the oxidation peaks of Ni 2 + (855.2 eV, 872.9 eV), Ni 3 + (857.2 eV, 875.2 eV), Fe 2 + (710.3 eV, 723.1 eV) and Fe 3 + (711.7 eV, 724.7 eV) are also observed. The XPS spectra of N 1s (Figure 4d) were detected at 397.3 eV, 393.8 eV, and 399.6 eV, corresponding to NÀ metal bonding, Mo 3p, and pyrrolic N, respectively, which further confirms the existence of Ni 2 Mo 3 N. [24] Lastly, the C 1s peak can be divided into CÀ C (284.4 eV), CÀ N (286.1 eV), CÀ O (287.2 eV) and C=O (288.2 eV) from Figure S4b. [18] These results further confirmed that NiMoFe@NC700 contain nitrogen doped carbon matrix, Ni 2 Mo 3 N and FeNi alloy.…”