Metallic Nanostructures via Static Plowing Lithography

Abstract

A facile route to metallic nano- and microstructures of varying size and geometry is reported. Both nanoparticle formations as well as continuous structures are formed spontaneously on Ge(111) substrates via galvanic displacement from aqueous metal salt solutions. Utilizing an atomic force microscope, patterning is achieved via static plowing lithography through a thin polymeric photoresist. Metal deposition proceeds on exposed portions of the substrate, and the resist is subsequently removed to yield the desired metallic features.

Galvanic Deposition of Gold on GaAs: A Tip-Induced Lithography Approach

“…Subsequent exposure of the semiconductor surface to an Au(III) solution results in the deposition of gold by galvanic displacement reaction on pre-patterned defect areas. [16][17][18][19][20] have been demonstrated as useful approaches in the fabrication of metal structures on various surfaces.The metallization of semiconductor surfaces via the galvanic displacement reaction has been intensively investigated.2,21-23 Galvanic displacement deposition is a relatively simple redox reaction in which noble metal ions in solutions are reduced by the substrate resulting in growth of metal deposits with various surface morphologies. The surface morphology of electroless deposited metals depends on the substrate, composition of the electrolyte, including pH and conditions of deposition eg.…”

“…Subsequent exposure of the semiconductor surface to an Au(III) solution results in the deposition of gold by galvanic displacement reaction on pre-patterned defect areas. [16][17][18][19][20] have been demonstrated as useful approaches in the fabrication of metal structures on various surfaces.…”

Organic-Free Au-Pd Alloys on Germanium Substrate via Spontaneous Galvanic Displacement Reaction

“…[8][9][10][11][12][13] The galvanic displacement, a mechanism-based nomenclature for the spontaneous metal nanocrystal formation, involves direct electron transfer from metal or semiconductor substrates (electron donors) to metallic precursor cations (electron acceptors) at room temperature according to their relative electrochemical redox potentials. A representative example of metal nanocrystals synthesized by the galvanic displacement is Au nanoparticles on germanium (Ge) surface.…”

“…To take the best advantage of its simplicity, the galvanic displacement process has been mostly applied to synthesize monometallic noble metal nanocrystals such as Au, Ag, Pd, Pt, and etc. [8][9][10][11][12][13] on Ge or other semiconductors such as GaAs, InP substrate, of which cations generally have significantly large positive standard reduction potential values. On the contrary, there is not much report about the formation of composite alloys which are of great interest from scientific and technological perspectives owing to their composition-dependent optical, catalytic, electronic, and magnetic properties.…”

Direct Polymerized Polyaniline Nanostructures on Modified Indium-Tin Oxide Surface for Electrochemical Supercapacitors

“…The ability to polymerize nanostructures directly on metallic substrates has been previously achieved by MacDiarmid, 14 Hayes et al, 15 and Porter et al 16 using electrochemical and Langmuir-Blodgett methods. Growth and organization of nanometer-sized PANI tubes on modified Au electrodes was also previously reported.…”