Metallic Nanoparticles: Their Potential Role in Breast Cancer Immunotherapy via Trained Immunity Provocation

Zarenezhad, Elham; Kanaan, Manal Hadi Ghaffoori; Abdollah, Sura Saad; Vakil, Mohammad Kazem; Marzi, Mahrokh; Mazarzaei, Abdulbaset; Ghasemian, Abdolmajid

doi:10.3390/biomedicines11051245

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 94 publications

(110 reference statements)

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“…Additional molecular analysis of methicillin-and heat-resistant S. aureus (MHRSA) isolates, in particular AGM2 and AFC6, is required. Resistance to high heat treatment by MRSA has been indicated in several previous studies [32,[34][35][36][37]. Cleanliness in primary production, immunization, logistical slaughter, and disinfection procedures should all be used in areas where the frequency of infections has been significant.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Responses to Pasteurization Temperatures of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Derived from Milk Items

Kanaan,

Sheriff,

Abdullah

2023

MRJI

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Background and Aim: One of the leading causes of both community- and hospital-acquired infections is the superbug," multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Milk and dairy products seem to be highly vulnerable to a wide range of diseases. Therefore, we require processing procedures that both eliminate pathogens and lengthen the useful life of these products. The purpose of this study was to determine how susceptible MRSA isolates were to pasteurization temperatures after being recovered from dairy products. Materials and Methods: For the purpose of pasteurization, ten MRSA isolates were exposed to both a 63°C LTLT (low temperature, long time) therapy for 30 minutes and a 72°C HTST (high temperature, short time) treatment for 16 seconds. Results: The findings indicated that all isolates were killed by a pasteurization-like treatment at low temperature for a long time (63°C for 30 minutes), but that particular adaptable isolates could survive a pasteurization-like treatment at high temperature for a short time (72°C for 16 seconds), which may point to a time- and temperature-dependent variation in the thermal tolerance mechanism. Conclusion: The results showed that all isolates seemed extremely susceptible to damage from heat using LTLT pasteurization-like treatment (63°C for 30 minutes). Nevertheless, a particular number of these isolates succeeded in establishing colonies because they have quorum sensing structures that survive being handled by using heat damage at 72°C for 16 seconds. Pasteurized milk producers should be alerted to the fact that this microorganism has been found in contaminated milk since it compromises the product's safety and diminishes its value to consumers. As a result, it is strongly advised that manufacturers utilize varied temperatures for milk processing in order to remove the contaminating methicillin- and heat-resistant S. aureus (MHRSA).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Responses to Pasteurization Temperatures of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Derived from Milk Items

Kanaan,

Sheriff,

Abdullah

2023

MRJI

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“…The dosimetric advantage of IMRT over 3D-CT has been shown in several investigations; some of these trials have revealed reduced doses to the ipsilateral lung, heart, and left anterior descending artery [22]. In this prospective study, we compared the 3D conformal with the DIBH approach, which is considered to be the standard technique for left breast irritation, with the 4D-CT IMRT maximal intensity projection (MIP) plan on patients with left-sided breast cancer [23]. Twenty-five patients were enrolled and performed the procedure while holding their breath for 15 to 20 s and demonstrating high compliance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of 3D Conformal and Deep Inspiratory Breath Holding vs. 4D-CT Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy for Patients with Left Breast Cancer

Aldaly,

Hussien,

El-nadi

et al. 2023

Cancers

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Background: Multimodality is required for the treatment of breast cancer. Surgery, radiation (RT), and systemic therapy were traditionally used. Pharmacotherapy includes different drug mechanisms, such as chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapies, alone or in combination with radiotherapy. While radiation offers numerous benefits, it also has certain harmful risks. such as cardiac and pulmonary toxicity, lymphedema, and secondary cancer. Modern radiation techniques have been developed to reduce organs at risk (OAR) doses. Materials and Methods: This study is a prospective feasibility trial conducted at the Fayium Oncology Center on patients with left breast cancer receiving adjuvant locoregional radiotherapy after either breast conservative surgery (BCS) or modified radical mastectomy (MRM). This study aimed to assess the proportion of patients who are fit both physically and intellectually to undergo breast radiotherapy using the deep inspiratory breath-holding (DIBH) technique, comparing different dosimetric outcomes between the 3D dimensional conformal with DIBH and 4D-CT IMRT plans of the same patient. Results: D95 of the clinical target volume (CTV) of the target is significantly higher in the 3D DIBH plan than in the IMRT plan, with an average of 90.812% vs. 86.944%. The dosimetry of the mean heart dose (MHD) in the 4D-CT IMRT plan was significantly lower than in the 3D conformal with the DIBH plan (2.6224 vs. 4.056 Gy, p < 0.0064), and no significant difference between the two plans regarding mean left anterior descending artery (LAD) (14.696 vs. 13.492 Gy, p < 0.58), maximum LAD (39.9 vs. 43.5 Gy, p < 0.35), and V20 of the ipsilateral lung (18.66% vs. 16.306%, p < 0.88) was observed. Internal mammary chain (IMC) irradiation was better in the 4D-CT IMRT plan. Conclusions: Radiotherapy of the breast and chest wall with the 4D-CT IMRT technique appears not to be inferior to the 3D conformal with the DIBH technique and can be used as an alternative to the 3D conformal with the DIBH technique in patients meeting the exclusion criteria for performing the DIBH maneuver concerning coverage to target volumes or unacceptably high doses to OAR.

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“…As immunology progressed, “Coley toxins” were found to stimulate and regulate the immune system in a multilevel manner—this increased interest in the medicinal potentials of Coley's approach [ 28 ]. Later, several bacterial lysate- or extract-based immunotherapies were developed, including intravesical bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) for in situ bladder carcinoma [ 29 , 30 , 31 ], heat-killed Mycobacterium indicus pranii for invasive bladder cancer and non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) [ 32 , 33 ], and heat-killed whole-cell Mycobacterium obuense for melanoma patients [ 34 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Bacterial Lysate Immunotherapy for Infectious Diseases and Cancer

Rahman,

Grice,

Ulett

et al. 2024

Journal of Immunology Research

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Antigenic cell fragments, pathogen‐associated molecular patterns, and other immunostimulants in bacterial lysates or extracts may induce local and systemic immune responses in specific and nonspecific paradigms. Based on current knowledge, this review aimed to determine whether bacterial lysate has comparable functions in infectious diseases and cancer treatment. In infectious diseases, including respiratory and urinary tract infections, immune system activation by bacterial lysate can identify and combat pathogens. Commercially available bacterial lysates, including OM‐85, Ismigen, Lantigen B, and LW 50020, were effective in children and adults in treating respiratory tract infections, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, rhinitis, and rhinosinusitis with varying degrees of success. Moreover, OM‐89, Uromune, Urovac, Urivac, and ExPEC4V showed therapeutic benefits in controlling urinary tract infections in adults, especially women. Bacterial lysate‐based therapeutics are safe, well‐tolerated, and have few side effects, making them a good alternative for infectious disease management. Furthermore, a nonspecific immunomodulation by bacterial lysates may stimulate innate immunity, benefiting cancer treatment. “Coley’s vaccine” has been used to treat sarcomas, carcinomas, lymphomas, melanomas, and myelomas with varying outcomes. Later, several similar bacterial lysate‐based therapeutics have been developed to treat cancers, including bladder cancer, non‐small cell lung cancer, and myeloma; among them, BCG for in situ bladder cancer is well‐known. Proinflammatory cytokines, including IL‐1, IL‐6, IL‐12, and TNF‐α, may activate bacterial antigen‐specific adaptive responses that could restore tumor antigen recognition and response by tumor‐specific type 1 helper cells and cytotoxic T cells; therefore, bacterial lysates are worth investigating as a vaccination adjuvants or add‐on therapies for several cancers.

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Metallic Nanoparticles: Their Potential Role in Breast Cancer Immunotherapy via Trained Immunity Provocation

Cited by 8 publications

References 94 publications

Analysis of the Responses to Pasteurization Temperatures of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Derived from Milk Items

Analysis of the Responses to Pasteurization Temperatures of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Derived from Milk Items

A Comparison of 3D Conformal and Deep Inspiratory Breath Holding vs. 4D-CT Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy for Patients with Left Breast Cancer

Advances in Bacterial Lysate Immunotherapy for Infectious Diseases and Cancer

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