Metallic Coatings through Additive Manufacturing: A Review

Mohanty, Shalini; Prashanth, Konda Gokuldoss

doi:10.3390/ma16062325

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 237 publications

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“…Thin film coatings, typically with a thickness of less than 100 nm, offer numerous benefits without significantly increasing the thickness or weight of the underlying substrate material or dramatically altering its roughness. These advantages encompass controllable surface chemistry, improved mechanical properties, the ability to induce hydrophobic or hydrophilic surfaces, enhanced anti-corrosive properties, increased bioactivity and biocompatibility, and improved performance in terms of wear and friction (Mohanty & Gokuldoss Prashanth, 2023). Among the various treatment methods, bioactive treatments have also garnered considerable attention, involving the exposure of metal biomaterials to alkaline or acidic solutions followed by heat treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface characteristics of additively manufactured CoCr and Ti6Al4V dental alloys: The effects of carbon and gold thin film coatings, and alkali‐heat treatment

Yilmaz,

Ayyildiz,

Kalyoncuoglu

et al. 2024

Microscopy Res & Technique

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This study investigates the impact of surface modifications on additively manufactured CoCr and Ti6Al4V dental alloys, focusing on surface properties. Thin film carbon (C) and gold (Au) coatings, as well as alkali‐heat treatment, were applied to the high‐ and low‐polished specimens. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that thin film coatings retained the underlying surface topography, while the alkali‐heat treatment induced distinct morphological changes. Energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis revealed that C‐coating enriched surfaces with C, and Au‐coating introduced detectable amounts of Au. Nevertheless, signs of coating delamination were observed in the high‐polished specimens. Alkali‐heat treatment led to the formation of a sodium titanate layer on Ti6Al4V surfaces, confirmed by sodium presence and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results showing carbonate bands. Surface roughness measurements with atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that C‐coating increased surface roughness in both high‐ and low‐polished alloys. Au‐coating slightly increased roughness, except for low‐polished Au‐coated Ti6Al4V, where a decrease in roughness was observed compared to low‐polished bare Ti6Al4V, likely due to surface defects present in the latter resulting from the additive manufacturing process. Alkali‐heat treatment led to a pronounced increase in roughness for both alloys, particularly for Ti6Al4V. Both thin film coatings decreased the water contact angles in all specimens in varying magnitudes, indicating an increase in wettability. However, the alkali‐heat treatment caused a substantial decrease in contact angles, resulting in a highly hydrophilic state for Ti6Al4V. These findings underscore the substantial impact of surface modifications on additively manufactured dental alloys, potentially influencing their clinical performance.Research Highlights Thin film coatings and chemical/heat treatment modify the surface properties of additively manufactured dental alloys. The surfaces of the alloys get rougher and more hydrophilic after alkali‐heat treatment. Thin gold coatings exhibit potential adhesion challenges.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface characteristics of additively manufactured CoCr and Ti6Al4V dental alloys: The effects of carbon and gold thin film coatings, and alkali‐heat treatment

Yilmaz,

Ayyildiz,

Kalyoncuoglu

et al. 2024

Microscopy Res & Technique

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“…Coating materials can be metal alloys, ceramics, bio-glass, polymers, and engineering plastics [2]. Among these, metallic materials are widely used in applications such as fuel cells, sensors, field effect devices, surface antimicrobials, and so on [3]. Metallic inks are a good way of using metallic materials in coatings for electronics [4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen Plasma-Induced Conversion of Silver Complex Ink into Conductive Coatings

Li,

Cao,

Yang

et al. 2023

Coatings

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The use of AgNO3-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) ink and oxygen plasma to form conductive coatings on plastic substrates was studied. It was found that oxygen plasma can decompose silver complexes to form metallic silver without high-temperature heating. The AgNO3-PVA ratio and plasma parameters (time, power) were optimized to obtain uniform conductive coatings. The morphology and electrical characteristics of the coatings were evaluated. Composite coatings with high reflectivity and good adhesion were prepared with a resistivity of 1.66 × 10−6 Ω·m using MOD inks with a silver ion mass fraction of 5%, after 300 W plasma treatment of the PET substrate for 2 min (the chamber temperature was 37.3 °C). These results demonstrate the potential feasibility of silver MOD inks and oxygen plasma treatment for the production of silver connectors, electromagnetic shielding films, and antimicrobial coatings on low-cost plastic substrates.

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“…On the other hand, there are some works that study the influences of the formation of coatings in pieces obtained by AM. This is the case of HVOF (High-Velocity Oxygen-Fuel) cold thermal spraying of ceramic-metallic particles (cermet) on 3D printed elements of Cu, Ti and Mg [16] and also of polymeric parts obtained by 3D printing coated with hydroxyapatite [17]; further, an exhaustive work on the limitations, applications and advantages of using various additive manufacturing techniques to make metallic coatings was found [18]. However, there are no known studies that address the evaluation of nonstick coatings applied by spray painting with a manual spray gun to metal parts obtained by additive manufacturing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and Durability of Non-Stick Coatings Applied to Stainless Steel: Subtractive vs. Additive Manufacturing

Guerrero-Vacas,

Rodríguez-Alabanda,

Martín-Fernández

et al. 2023

Materials

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This study compares subtractive manufacturing (SM) and additive manufacturing (AM) techniques in the production of stainless-steel parts with non-stick coatings. While subtractive manufacturing involves the machining of rolled products, additive manufacturing employs the FFF (fused filament fabrication) technique with metal filament and sintering. The applied non-stick coatings are commercially available and are manually sprayed with a spray gun, followed by a curing process. They are an FEP (fluorinated ethylene propylene)-based coating and a sol–gel ceramic coating. Key properties such as surface roughness, water droplet sliding angle, adhesion to the substrate and wear resistance were examined using abrasive blasting techniques. In the additive manufacturing process, a higher roughness of the samples was detected. In terms of sliding angle, variations were observed in the FEP-based coatings and no variations were observed in the ceramic coatings, with a slight increase for FEP in AM. In terms of adhesion to the substrate, the ceramic coatings applied in the additive process showed a superior behavior to that of subtractive manufacturing. On the other hand, FEP coatings showed comparable results for both techniques. In the wear resistance test, ceramic coatings outperformed FEP coatings for both techniques. In summary, additive manufacturing of non-stick coatings on stainless steel showed remarkable advantages in terms of roughness, adhesion and wear resistance compared to the conventional manufacturing approach. These results are of relevance in fields such as medicine, food industry, chemical industry and marine applications.

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Metallic Coatings through Additive Manufacturing: A Review

Cited by 7 publications

References 237 publications

Surface characteristics of additively manufactured CoCr and Ti6Al4V dental alloys: The effects of carbon and gold thin film coatings, and alkali‐heat treatment

Surface characteristics of additively manufactured CoCr and Ti6Al4V dental alloys: The effects of carbon and gold thin film coatings, and alkali‐heat treatment

Oxygen Plasma-Induced Conversion of Silver Complex Ink into Conductive Coatings

Performance and Durability of Non-Stick Coatings Applied to Stainless Steel: Subtractive vs. Additive Manufacturing

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